| Characteristic | No. (%) of participants† | |
|---|---|---|
| FASD group n = 702 | Comparison group n = 2097 | |
| Age at birth of index child, yr | ||
| Mean ± SD | 24.43 ± 6.14 | 29.24 ± 5.69 |
| Range | 14-43 | 14-46 |
| < 18 | 72 (10.2) | 231 (11.0) |
| 18-24 | 333 (47.4) | 831 (39.6) |
| 25-29 | 146 (20.8) | 525 (25.0) |
| 30-34 | 96 (13.7) | 367 (17.5) |
| ≥ 35/missing‡ | 55 (7.8) | 143 (6.8) |
| Age at birth of first child, yr | ||
| < 18 | 266 (37.9) | 246 (11.7) |
| 18-24 | 340 (48.4) | 854 (40.7) |
| 25-29 | 54 (7.7) | 530 (25.3) |
| 30-34 | 29 (4.1) | 306 (14.6) |
| ≥ 35/missing‡ | 13 (1.8) | 112 (5.3) |
| History of teen pregnancy | 266 (37.9) | 246 (11.7) |
| Region of residence | ||
| Rural | 251 (35.8) | 764 (36.4) |
| Urban | 451 (64.2) | 1333 (63.6) |
| Mean household income quintile | ||
| Q1 (lowest) | 466 (64.4) | 1398 (66.7) |
| Q2 | 104 (14.8) | 312 (14.9) |
| Q3 | 57 (8.1) | 171 (8.2) |
| Q4 | 36 (5.1) | 108 (5.2) |
| Q5 (highest) | 26 (3.7) | 78 (3.7) |
| Missing | 13 (1.8) | 30 (1.4) |
| Receipt of income assistance during 5 yr before birth of index child§ | 63 (18.3) (n = 345) | 98 (9.6) (n = 1026) |
| Married at birth of index child | 66 (9.4) | 773 (36.9) |
| Gravidity | ||
| 0-3 | 357 (50.8) | 1966 (93.8) |
| ≥ 4 | 306 (43.6) | 113 (5.4) |
| Missing | 39 (5.6) | 18 (0.8) |
| Parity | ||
| 0-3 | 524 (74.6) | 2063 (98.4) |
| ≥ 4 | 139 (19.8) | 16 (0.8) |
| Missing | 39 (5.6) | 18 (0.8) |
| Involvement with Child and Family Services in 3 yr before birth of index child§¶ | 228 (66.1) (n = 345) | 136 (13.2) (n = 1026) |
| Diagnosis of psychiatric disorder in 3 yr before birth of index child** | 580 (82.6) | 566 (27.0) |
| Diagnosis of substance abuse†† | 179 (25.5) | 49 (2.3) |
| Diagnosis of personality disorder†† | 22 (3.1) | 6 (0.3) |
| Diagnosis of mood and anxiety disorder†† | 237 (33.8) | 397 (18.9) |
| Diagnosis of schizophrenia†† | < 6‡‡ | 7 (0.3) |
| Diagnosis of prenatal psychological distress§§ | 529 (75.4) | 293 (14.0) |
| Diagnosis of postnatal psychological distress¶¶ | 528 (75.2) | 923 (44.0) |
Note: FASD = fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, SD = standard deviation.
*Matched on month of birth of index child, socioeconomic status and region of residence.
†Except where indicated otherwise.
‡Because data were missing for fewer than 6 women, the "missing" category was combined with the ≥ 35 years category to ensure that the privacy rules of the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy were adhered to.
§Because data are available after 1995, the denominator was limited to women who had babies after 1998 to ensure that 3 years of data were available before the birth of the child.
¶Includes voluntary or involuntary involvement with Child and Family Services of any child of the mother or the mother herself (if she was under the age of 18 at the time), including any support services or out-of-home placements.
**Includes substance abuse, personality disorder, mood and anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, prenatal psychological distress.
†Diagnosis 3 years before birth of index child.
‡‡Suppressed to ensure that the privacy rules of the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy were adhered to.
§§Diagnosis 8 months before birth of index child.
¶¶Diagnosis 12 months after birth of index child.