| Characteristic | No. (%) of patients† | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before matching | After matching | |||||
| Enrollees n = 344 | Full comparator pool n = 34 820 | SDiff | Enrollees n = 313 | Comparator patients n = 313 | SDiff | |
| Age at index date, mean ± SD, yr | 75.5 ± 14.3 | 69.9 ± 15.5 | 0.376 | 75.6 ± 13.9 | 75.5 ± 15.0 | 0.010 |
| Male sex | 136 (39.5) | 15 470 (44.4) | 0.099 | 126 (40.3) | 125 (39.9) | 0.007 |
| Area-based income quintile | ||||||
| 1 (lowest) | 66 (19.2) | 4708 (13.5) | 0.154 | 58 (18.5) | 64 (20.4) | 0.048 |
| 2 | 65 (18.9) | 5548 (15.9) | 0.078 | 58 (18.5) | 59 (18.8) | 0.008 |
| 3 | 65 (18.9) | 7526 (21.6) | 0.068 | 61 (19.5) | 65 (20.8) | 0.032 |
| 4 | 82 (23.8) | 9676 (27.8) | 0.090 | 76 (24.3) | 69 (22.0) | 0.053 |
| 5 (highest) | 66 (19.2) | 7362 (21.1) | 0.049 | 60 (19.2) | 56 (17.9) | 0.033 |
| Rurality Index of Ontario score, mean ± SD | 6.7 ± 9.1 | 5.1 ± 6.8 | 0.207 | 6.4 ± 8.9 | 6.8 ± 8.6 | 0.045 |
| Health Link | ||||||
| South Simcoe | 168 (48.8) | 8846 (25.4) | 0.500 | 152 (48.6) | 155 (49.5) | 0.019 |
| Southwest York | 12 (3.5) | 13 895 (39.9) | 0.985 | 12 (3.8) | 16 (5.1) | 0.062 |
| North York Central | 164 (47.7) | 12 079 (34.7) | 0.266 | 149 (47.6) | 142 (45.4) | 0.045 |
| Primary care model affiliation | ||||||
| Family Health Team | 56 (16.3) | 2928 (8.4) | 0.241 | 52 (16.6) | 53 (16.9) | 0.009 |
| Family Health Group | 123 (35.8) | 15 711 (45.1) | 0.192 | 115 (36.7) | 105 (33.5) | 0.067 |
| Family Health Organization | 110 (32.0) | 9006 (25.9) | 0.135 | 97 (31.0) | 105 (33.5) | 0.055 |
| Other | 9 (2.6) | 1302 (3.7) | 0.064 | 7 (2.2) | 9 (2.9) | 0.040 |
| Not rostered in a model | 46 (13.4) | 5873 (16.9) | 0.098 | 42 (13.4) | 41 (13.1) | 0.009 |
| Comorbidity (CADGs 1-12) | ||||||
| Acute minor | 332 (96.5) | 29 315 (84.2) | 0.427 | 301 (96.2) | 304 (97.1) | 0.053 |
| Acute major | 332 (96.5) | 31 134 (89.4) | 0.280 | 301 (96.2) | 304 (97.1) | 0.053 |
| Likely to recur | 286 (83.1) | 25 326 (72.7) | 0.253 | 257 (82.1) | 254 (81.2) | 0.025 |
| Asthma | 52 (15.1) | 4131 (11.9) | 0.095 | 45 (14.4) | 39 (12.5) | 0.056 |
| Chronic medical unstable | 330 (95.9) | 27 667 (79.4) | 0.518 | 299 (95.5) | 302 (96.5) | 0.049 |
| Chronic medical stable | 315 (91.6) | 30 039 (86.3) | 0.169 | 285 (91.0) | 283 (90.4) | 0.022 |
| Chronic specialty stable | 34 (9.9) | 3150 (9.0) | 0.029 | 33 (10.5) | 35 (11.2) | 0.021 |
| Eye/dental | 55 (16.0) | 4569 (13.1) | 0.081 | 53 (16.9) | 51 (16.3) | 0.017 |
| Chronic specialty unstable | 80 (23.2) | 7008 (20.1) | 0.076 | 68 (21.7) | 74 (23.6) | 0.046 |
| Psychosocial | 238 (69.2) | 20 928 (60.1) | 0.191 | 213 (68.0) | 204 (65.2) | 0.061 |
| Preventive/administrative | 221 (64.2) | 10 477 (30.1) | 0.728 | 197 (62.9) | 191 (61.0) | 0.039 |
| Pregnancy | Suppr. | 308 (0.9) | 0.078 | Suppr. | Suppr. | 0.000 |
| Use in prior year, mean ± SD | ||||||
| Dialysis visits | 1.2 ± 12.4 | 1.1 ± 12.6 | 0.008 | 0.9 ± 10.5 | 1.5 ± 14.6 | 0.052 |
| Oncology visits | 0.5 ± 3.5 | 0.6 ± 3.7 | 0.032 | 0.4 ± 3.2 | 0.4 ± 2.8 | 0.018 |
| Primary care visits | 26.4 ± 22.0 | 16.4 ± 14.2 | 0.539 | 24.7 ± 20.5 | 24.7 ± 17.5 | 0.001 |
| Specialist visits | 66.4 ± 47.7 | 25.8 ± 29.2 | 1.026 | 62.9 ± 46.7 | 64.5 ± 52.2 | 0.031 |
| Home care services | 121.5 ± 176.3 | 22.7 ± 79.2 | 0.722 | 114.2 ± 171.6 | 126.4 ± 187.3 | 0.068 |
| Mental hospital admissions | 0.1 ± 0.5 | 0.0 ± 0.3 | 0.122 | 0.1 ± 0.5 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.057 |
| Emergency department visits in previous year, mean ± SD | ||||||
| First quarter | 2.4 ± 2.7 | 0.4 ± 1.0 | 0.985 | 2.2 ± 2.3 | 2.3 ± 2.9 | 0.044 |
| Second quarter | 1.5 ± 2.6 | 0.4 ± 1.0 | 0.584 | 1.4 ± 2.1 | 1.3 ± 2.0 | 0.042 |
| Third quarter | 1.2 ± 1.9 | 0.4 ± 1.0 | 0.569 | 1.1 ± 1.7 | 1.1 ± 1.9 | 0.000 |
| Fourth quarter | 1.2 ± 2.2 | 0.3 ± 0.9 | 0.498 | 1.0 ± 1.8 | 1.0 ± 2.2 | 0.011 |
| Hospital admissions in previous year, mean ± SD | ||||||
| First quarter | 1.2 ± 1.1 | 0.1 ± 0.4 | 1.316 | 1.1 ± 1.0 | 1.1 ± 0.9 | 0.024 |
| Second quarter | 0.6 ± 0.9 | 0.1 ± 0.4 | 0.680 | 0.6 ± 0.9 | 0.5 ± 0.8 | 0.064 |
| Third quarter | 0.5 ± 0.8 | 0.1 ± 0.4 | 0.571 | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 0.055 |
| Fourth quarter | 0.4 ± 0.8 | 0.1 ± 0.4 | 0.414 | 0.3 ± 0.8 | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 0.090 |
Note: CADGs = Johns Hopkins Collapsed Adjusted Clinical Groups, SD = standard deviation, SDiff = standardized difference, Suppr. = cell suppressed owing to small number (n < 5).
*Only mean values and SDs are reported for continuous variables. Median values were also balanced between groups after matching.
†Except where noted otherwise.