| Variable | Rate ratio (95% CI)† | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| All ages | Age ≥ 65 yr | Rural residence | |
| Physician retention tertile | |||
| Q1 (lowest) | 1.199 (1.152-1.247) | 1.047 (0.968-1.133) | 1.232 (1.168-1.299) |
| Q2 | 1.165 (1.126-1.204) | 1.001 (0.943-1.075) | 1.198 (1.135-1.265) |
| Q3 (highest) (reference) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Age‡ | 0.999 (0.998-0.999) | 1.008 (1.004-1.011) | 1.002 (1.001-1.003) |
| Income quintile | |||
| Q1 (lowest) | 1.212 (1.162-1.264) | 1.177 (1.084-1.277) | 1.178 (1.118-1.241) |
| Q2 | 1.166 (1.121-1.214) | 1.135 (1.049-1.228) | 1.131 (1.076-1.188) |
| Q3 | 1.133 (1.088-1.179) | 1.070 (0.989-1.159) | 1.116 (1.062-1.172) |
| Q4 | 1.145 (1.101-1.190) | 1.165 (1.077-1.261) | 1.165 (1.110-1.221) |
| Q5 (highest) (reference) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Residence status | |||
| Rural | 1.198 (1.157-1.365) | 1.302 (1.217-1.393) | - |
| Urban (reference) | 1.000 | 1.000 | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score | |||
| 0 | 0.086 (0.083-0.089) | 0.113 (0.104-0.123) | 0.093 (0.090-0.098) |
| 1-2 | 0.267 (0.258-2.276) | 0.430 (0.405-0.457) | 0.290 (0.279-1.303) |
| 3-4 | 0.396 (0.382-0.411) | 0.580 (0.549-0.614) | 0.423 (0.404-0.441) |
| ≥ 5 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| High school diploma‡ | 0.991 (0.990-0.992) | 0.990 (0.987-0.991) | 0.990 (0.989-0.991) |
| Visible minority‡ | 0.993 (0.987-0.998) | 0.992 (0.982-1.002) | 0.981 (0.972-0.990) |
| Aboriginal identity‡ | 1.006 (1.005-1.007) | 1.006 (1.003-1.009) | 1.007 (1.006-1.008) |
| Distance to nearest acute care facility‡ | 0.998 (0.997-0.998) | 0.998 (0.997-0.999) | 0.997 (0.997-0.998) |
| Acute care hospital beds per 1000 residents‡ | 1.000 (0.990-1.010) | 0.998 (0.980-1.016) | 1.003 (0.992-1.014) |
| Family physicians per 1000 residents‡ | 1.363 (1.318-1.409) | 1.261 (1.175-1.352) | 1.346 (1.300-1.394) |
Note: CI = confidence interval.
*Analysis excludes 7989 residents with missing data for 1 or more covariates (less than 1% of sample).
†Equal to the exponent of the regression coefficient and adjusted for all other variables in the table.
‡Included in continuous form in the final models.