Table 2: Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios for receipt of mammography among all women
CovariatePrevalence ratio (95% CI)
UnadjustedAdjusted* 
HIV status
    HIV positive0.79 (0.73-0.86)0.83 (0.77-0.89)
    HIV negative11
Age (per 10 yr)1.09 (1.09-1.09)1.04 (1.04-1.05)
Income quintile
    Lowest11
    Low1.08 (1.08-1.09)1.07 (1.06-1.07)
    Middle1.13 (1.12-1.13)1.10 (1.09-1.10)
    High1.16 (1.16-1.17)1.12 (1.12-1.12)
    Highest1.20 (1.20-1.21)1.15 (1.14-1.15)
Rurality
    Rural1.00 (1.00-1.00)0.99 (0.99-0.99)
    Urban11
Comorbidity (no. of ADGs)
    ≤ 5 (low comorbidity)11
    6-91.31 (1.31-1.32)1.11 (1.11-1.11)
  ≥ 10 (high comorbidity)1.34 (1.34-1.35)1.12 (1.12-1.12)
Immigrant status
    Recent (< 5 yr), HIV-endemic country of origin0.85 (0.83-0.88)0.93 (0.90-0.96)
    Recent (< 5 yr), non-HIV-endemic country of origin0.78 (0.77-0.79)0.85 (0.84-0.86)
    Non-recent (≥ 5 yr), HIV-endemic country of origin0.95 (0.94-0.95)1.00 (1.00-1.01)
    Non-recent (≥ 5 yr), non-HIV-endemic country of origin0.88 (0.87-0.88)0.94 (0.94-0.95)
    Non-immigrant11
Physician age (per 10 yr)0.98 (0.97-0.98)0.99 (0.99-0.99)
Family physician sex
    Female1.12 (1.12-1.13)1.09 (1.09-1.09)
    Male11
Primary care model†
    Capitation - non-team based0.98 (0.98-0.98)0.97 (0.97-0.97)
    Enhanced fee for service0.95 (0.94-0.95)0.95 (0.95-0.95)
    Traditional fee for service0.60 (0.60-0.61)0.86 (0.86-0.87)
    Other0.94 (0.93-0.95)0.98 (0.97-0.99)
    Capitation - team based11
≥ 3 visits to usual family physician during the study period1.63 (1.63-1.64)1.43 (1.42-1.43)

Note: ADG = aggregated diagnosis groups, CI = confidence interval.

*Models were adjusted for all listed covariates.

†Capitation-based models may be team based (e.g., Family Health Teams) or non-team based (e.g., Family Health Networks, Family Health Organizations). Enhanced fee for service models include Family Health Groups.