Predictor | Kappa (95% CI) |
---|---|
Clinical history (n = 62)* | |
Mechanism of injury | 0.97 (0.91-1.00) |
Presence of comorbity | |
COPD | 0.79 (0.51-1.00) |
Asthma | 0.73 (0.48-0.98) |
Osteoporosis | 0.58 (0.21-0.95) |
Diabetes mellitus | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) |
Pre-injury antiplatelet/anticoagulant medication | |
ASA | 0.91 (0.82-1.00) |
Warfarin | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) |
Clopidogrel | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) |
Any | 0.92 (0.84-1.00) |
Clinical | |
Severe chest pain | 0.54 (0.37-0.71) |
Pleuretic chest pain | 0.41 (0.26-0.56) |
Smoking status | 0.87 (0.78-0.96) |
Alcohol intoxication | 0.87 (0.72-1.00) |
Radiologic findings (n = 299)† | |
No. of confirmed rib fractures | |
≥ 1 | 0.60 (0.56-0.65) |
≥ 3 | 0.47 (0.38-0.56) |
Location of fractures | |
Any high rib (3-5) | 0.59 (0.46-0.73) |
At least 2 high ribs (3-5) | 0.59 (0.39-0.79) |
Any mid rib (6-9) | 0.50 (0.42-0.59) |
At least 2 mid ribs (6-9) | 0.37 (0.23-0.50) |
Any low rib (10-12) | 0.56 (0.44-0.67) |
At least 2 low ribs (10-12) | 0.39 (0.14-0.63) |
Atelectasis | 0.58 (0.50-0.66) |
Note: ASA = acetylsalicylic acid, CI = confidence interval, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
*For a total of 62 patients, an emergency physician and nurse performed an assessment of the clinical history.
†For a total of 299 patients, a radiologist and an emergency physician performed radiologic evaluation of the number and location of rib fractures.