| Characteristic | No. (%) of participants*† | OR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full sample n = 196 | Recent regular public injecting‡ | |||
| Yes n = 91 | No n = 105 | |||
| Age, median (IQR), yr | 39 (33-50) | 36 (30-46) | 43 (37-51) | |
| Per 1-yr increase | 0.94 (0.91-0.97) | |||
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 75 (38.3) | 29 (31.9) | 46 (43.8) | 0.60 (0.33-1.08) |
| Male | 121 (61.7) | 62 (68.1) | 59 (56.2) | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White | 146 (74.5) | 68 (74.7) | 78 (74.3) | 1.12 (0.58-2.16) |
| Indigenous/person of colour | 48 (24.5) | 21 (23.1) | 27 (25.7) | |
| Homeless/unstably housed§ | ||||
| Yes | 111 (56.6) | 64 (70.3) | 47 (44.8) | 2.93 (1.62-5.29) |
| No | 85 (43.4) | 27 (29.7) | 58 (55.2) | |
| Recent incarceration§ | ||||
| Yes | 24 (12.2) | 16 (17.6) | 8 (7.6) | 2.59 (1.05-6.37) |
| No | 172 (87.8) | 75 (82.4) | 97 (92.4) | |
| Sold drugs‡ | ||||
| Yes | 63 (32.1) | 30 (33.0) | 33 (31.4) | 1.07 (0.59-1.96) |
| No | 133 (67.8) | 61 (67.0) | 72 (68.6) | |
| Engaged in sex work§ | ||||
| Yes | 38 (19.4) | 16 (17.6) | 22 (21.0) | 0.81 (0.39-1.65) |
| No | 158 (80.6) | 75 (82.4) | 83 (79.0) | |
| Usually injected downtown§ | ||||
| Yes | 51 (26.0) | 32 (35.2) | 19 (18.1) | 2.46 (1.27-4.74) |
| No | 145 (74.0) | 59 (64.8) | 86 (81.9) | |
| Usually injected in Old East§ | ||||
| Yes | 105 (53.6) | 47 (51.6) | 58 (55.2) | 0.87 (0.49-1.52) |
| No | 91 (46.4) | 44 (48.4) | 47 (44.8) | |
| Frequent opioid injection§ | ||||
| Yes | 104 (53.1) | 62 (68.1) | 42 (40.0) | 3.21 (1.78-5.78) |
| No | 92 (46.9) | 29 (31.9) | 63 (60.0) | |
| Frequent crystal methamphetamine injection§ | ||||
| Yes | 70 (35.7) | 47 (51.6) | 23 (21.9) | 3.80 (2.05-7.07) |
| No | 126 (64.3) | 44 (48.4) | 82 (78.1) | |
| Usually injected alone§ | ||||
| Yes | 106 (54.1) | 54 (59.3) | 52 (49.5) | 1.49 (0.84-2.62) |
| No | 90 (45.9) | 37 (40.6) | 53 (50.5) | |
| Needed help injecting§ | ||||
| Yes | 63 (32.1) | 31 (34.1) | 32 (30.5) | 1.18 (0.65-2.15) |
| No | 133 (67.8) | 60 (65.9) | 73 (69.5) | |
| Shared syringe§ | ||||
| Yes | 44 (22.4) | 30 (33.0) | 14 (13.3) | 3.25 (1.59-6.63) |
| No | 151 (77.0) | 60 (65.9) | 91 (86.7) | |
| Ever overdosed unintentionally | ||||
| Yes | 48 (24.5) | 28 (30.8) | 20 (19.0) | 1.87 (0.97-3.63) |
| No | 145 (74.0) | 62 (68.1) | 83 (79.0) | |
| Any substance use treatment | ||||
| Yes | 83 (42.3) | 41 (45.0) | 42 (40.0) | 1.26 (0.71-2.23) |
| No | 110 (56.1) | 48 (52.7) | 62 (59.0) | |
Note: IQR = interquartile range, OR = odds ratio.
*Except where noted otherwise.
†Columns not adding to total are due to missing values.
‡Includes "sometimes," "usually" or "always" injecting in public in the previous 6 months.
§Over the previous 6 months.