| Group; % of patients* | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Stress test n = 83 636 | No stress test n = 44 744 | OR (95% CI)† |
| Demographic | |||
| Age, yr, mean ± SD | 60.7 ± 11.2 | 67.6 ± 12.7 | 0.958 (0.957-0.959) |
| Sex, male | 74.9 | 64.3 | 1.22 (1.19-1.26) |
| Residence, rural | 14.1 | 16.4 | 0.84 (0.81-0.87) |
| Site of PCI, teaching hospital | 61.3 | 75.9 | 0.52 (0.50-0.53) |
| Income quintile | |||
| 1 (lowest) | 18.6 | 22.8 | 1.00 (ref) |
| 2 | 20.0 | 21.5 | 1.29 (1.08-1.17) |
| 3 | 20.1 | 19.5 | 1.20 (1.15-1.27) |
| 4 | 20.8 | 18.6 | 1.26 (1.21-1.32) |
| 5 (highest) | 20.3 | 17.3 | 1.37 (1.32-1.43) |
| Procedure year | NA | 0.96 (0.96-0.97) | |
| Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina classification | |||
| 0 | 5.6 | 6.5 | 1.00 (ref) |
| 1 | 4.7 | 3.9 | 1.22 (1.12-1.32) |
| 2 | 14.3 | 11.9 | 1.26 (1.19-1.35) |
| 3 | 12.6 | 12.8 | 1.05 (0.98-1.11) |
| ≥ 4 | 60.7 | 62.8 | 0.97 (0.92-1.02) |
| Cardiac risk factors and comorbidities | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 27.7 | 36.3 | 0.83 (0.80-0.85) |
| Hypertension | 69.6 | 79.0 | 0.95 (0.91-0.98) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 62.8 | 64.0 | 1.15 (1.12-1.18) |
| Myocardial infarction | 48.9 | 55.0 | 0.86 (0.83-0.88) |
| Heart failure | 3.7 | 11.8 | 0.57 (0.54-0.60) |
| History of stroke | 1.1 | 2.7 | 0.78 (0.71-0.86) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 4.1 | 8.9 | 0.75 (0.71-0.79) |
| Renal failure | 1.8 | 5.5 | 0.79 (0.72-0.85) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 4.9 | 10.5 | 0.76 (0.72-0.80) |
| Smoking history | 53.2 | 51.1 | 0.89 (0.87-0.92) |
| Charlson comorbidity index, mean ± SD | 0.47 ± 1.05 | 0.90 ± 1.58 | 0.94 (0.93-0.95) |
| PCI characteristics | |||
| Stent type | |||
| Drug-eluting | 43.8 | 39.0 | 1.00 (ref) |
| Bare metal | 59.7 | 59.9 | 0.87 (0.84-0.89) |
| No. of stented vessels | |||
| 1 | 46.7 | 48.0 | 1.00 (ref) |
| 2 | 49.4 | 44.3 | 1.01 (0.98-1.05) |
| ≥ 3 | 3.9 | 7.7 | 1.00 (0.96-1.05) |
| Stent diameter, mm | |||
| < 3 | 46.7 | 48.0 | 1.00 (ref) |
| ≥ 3 | 49.4 | 44.3 | 1.05 (1.02-1.08) |
| Total stent length, mm | |||
| < 20 | 34.8 | 33.2 | 1.00 (ref) |
| ≥ 20 | 61.2 | 59.1 | 1.00 (0.96-1.03) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, NA = not applicable, OR = odds ratio, PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention, SD = standard deviation.
*Except where indicated otherwise.
†Adjusted for demographic factors (age, sex, income, rural residence), cardiac risk factors (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking), angina classification, comorbidities (myocardial infarction, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), PCI characteristics (stent type, size, length) and teaching hospital status.