| Measure | Main covariable of interest | Psychometric properties |
|---|---|---|
| MM21 questionnaire | Multimorbidity | Validity: sensitivity 84.6%, specificity 84.3% compared with a quality of life measure; test-retest reliability: intraclass correlation coefficient 0.88, Cohen κ 0.64; interrater reliability: intraclass correlation coefficient 0.88, Cohen κ 0.7932 |
| Patient Perception of Patient Centeredness scale | Patient-centred partnership | 14-item measure of patient perception of patient centredness of visits with health care professionals. Reliability: Cronbach α 0.71 (n = 315); validity: significant associations with 36-Item Short Form Health Survey33-35 |
| Patient perceptions of transitions in care measure | Patient-centred coordination | 9-item questionnaire for patients. Items adapted from Coleman et al.36 Reliability: Cronbach α of Coleman measure 0.9336 |
| Patient-perceived primary outcome measures | ||
| Health Education Impact Questionnaire | Patient education program benefits such as empowerment | "Proxy of empowerment." Cronbach α 0.70-0.89 according to domain, ≥ 0.80 for 7 out of 8 domains37 |
| Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease scale | Self-efficacy | 6 items + 2 items from general scale. Reliability: Cronbach α 0.91 for Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease scale, 0.87 for General Self-Efficacy subscale38 |
| Patient-perceived secondary outcome measures | ||
| SF-12v2 Health Survey | Health status | Multipurpose short-form generic measure of health status. Validity: r = 0.95 and 0.96 for physical and mental components, respectively, of 36-Item Short Form Health Survey39 |
| EQ-5D | Quality of life | Intraclass correlation: EQ-5D utility 0.73, EQ-5D visual analogue scale 0.70; test-retest reliability: 0.86 for group-level coefficients, 0.90 for coefficient derived from individual correlations40 |
| Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) | Psychological well-being | Internal consistency: Cronbach α 0.89; concurrent validity: r = 0.97 for correlation with its equivalent, the K10; discriminant validity: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.89 (95% confidence interval 0.88-0.90); sensitivity (SE): 0.36 (0.08); specificity (SE): 0.96 (0.02)41 |
| Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Questionnaire | Health behaviour | Eating habits, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption. Individual-level test-retest reliability: κ > 0.60 for 19 demographic and risk factors, intermediate for food consumption measure (0.40-0.76), lowest for medical examination and blood pressure measurement in previous 2 yr (κ = 0.54 and 0.23, respectively)42 |
Note: SE = standard error.