DSM-5 areas of significant impairment | No. (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
No diagnosis | ARND | pFAS | FAS | |
Neurocognitive | ||||
Global intelligence | 0 (0.0) | 18 (39.1) | 6 (46.2) | 0 (0.0) |
Executive function | 4 (18.2) | 33 (71.1) | 9 (69.2) | 1 (100.0) |
Learning | 5 (22.7) | 37 (80.4) | 10 (76.9) | 0 (0.0) |
Memory | 0 (0.0) | 25 (54.3) | 7 (53.8) | 0 (0.0) |
Visual-spatial reasoning | 0 (0.0) | 19 (41.3) | 6 (46.2) | 0 (0.0) |
Self-regulation | ||||
Mood or behavioural regulation | 6 (27.3) | 22 (47.8) | 6 (46.2) | 0 (0.0) |
Attention deficit | 14 (63.6) | 32 (69.6) | 9 (69.2) | 1 (100.0) |
Impulse control | 11 (50.0) | 20 (43.5) | 7 (53.8) | 1 (100.0) |
Adaptive functioning | ||||
Communication | 3 (13.6) | 28 (60.9) | 8 (61.5) | 0 (0.0) |
Social communication and interaction | 9 (40.9) | 26 (56.5) | 7 (53.8) | 0 (0.0) |
Daily living skills | 4 (18.2) | 24 (52.2) | 5 (38.5) | 0 (0.0) |
Motor skills | 4 (18.2) | 10 (21.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Note: ARND = alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder, DSM-5 = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, FAS = fetal alcohol syndrome, pFAS = partial FAS.
*Two or more standard deviations below the mean.