Table 2: Proportions of patients with significant impairment* in neurobehavioural disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure areas of the DSM-5 separated by Canadian fetal alcohol spectrum disorder diagnostic classification
DSM-5 areas of significant impairmentNo. (%)
No diagnosisARNDpFASFAS
Neurocognitive
    Global intelligence0 (0.0)18 (39.1)6 (46.2)0 (0.0)
    Executive function4 (18.2)33 (71.1)9 (69.2)1 (100.0)
    Learning5 (22.7)37 (80.4)10 (76.9)0 (0.0)
    Memory0 (0.0)25 (54.3)7 (53.8)0 (0.0)
    Visual-spatial reasoning0 (0.0)19 (41.3)6 (46.2)0 (0.0)
Self-regulation
    Mood or behavioural regulation6 (27.3)22 (47.8)6 (46.2)0 (0.0)
    Attention deficit14 (63.6)32 (69.6)9 (69.2)1 (100.0)
    Impulse control11 (50.0)20 (43.5)7 (53.8)1 (100.0)
Adaptive functioning
    Communication3 (13.6)28 (60.9)8 (61.5)0 (0.0)
    Social communication and interaction9 (40.9)26 (56.5)7 (53.8)0 (0.0)
    Daily living skills4 (18.2)24 (52.2)5 (38.5)0 (0.0)
    Motor skills4 (18.2)10 (21.7)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)

Note: ARND = alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder, DSM-5 = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, FAS = fetal alcohol syndrome, pFAS = partial FAS.

*Two or more standard deviations below the mean.