Cancer site | Sex | RR estimate | Units g/d | Risk per g/d | Source | Latency period, yr (CCHS cycle) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vegetable | ||||||
Oral cavity and pharynx | All | 0.89 | 40 | 0.00291 | Boeing 2006*20 | 4-5 (2007/2008) |
Oral cavity and pharynx | Men | 0.83 | 40 | 0.00466 | Boeing 2006*20 | 4-5 (2007/2008) |
Oral cavity and pharynx | Women | 0.93 | 40 | 0.00181 | Boeing 2006*20 | 4-5 (2007/2008) |
Larynx | All | 0.92 | 100 | 0.000834 | Riboli 2003†26 | 4-5 (2007/2008) |
Esophagus | All | 0.87 | 50 | 0.00279 | WCRF 2007‡1 | 7 (2005) |
Stomach | All | 0.70 | 100 | 0.00357 | WCRF 2007‡1 | 8 (2004) |
Stomach | Men | 0.70 | 100 | 0.00357 | WCRF 2007‡1 | 8 (2004) |
Stomach | Women | 0.77 | 100 | 0.00261 | WCRF 2007‡1 | 8 (2004) |
Fruit | ||||||
Oral cavity and pharynx | All | 0.97 | 40 | 0.000761 | Boeing 2006*20 | 4-5 (2007/2008) |
Oral cavity and pharynx | Men | 0.96 | 40 | 0.00102 | Boeing 2006*20 | 4-5 (2007/2008) |
Oral cavity and pharynx | Women | 0.98 | 40 | 0.00051 | Boeing 2006*20 | 4-5 (2007/2008) |
Larynx | All | 0.73 | 100 | 0.00315 | Riboli 2003†26 | 4-5 (2007/2008) |
Esophagus | All | 0.56 | 100 | 0.00580 | WCRF 2007‡1 | 9 (2003) |
Stomach | All | 0.95 | 100 | 0.000513 | WCRF 2007‡1 | 9 (2003) |
Lung | All | 0.935 | 80 | 0.00084 | WCRF 2007‡1 | 9 (2003) |
Note: CCHS = Canadian Community Health Survey, RR = relative risk.
*Data obtained from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition among 345 904 participants who completed a dietary questionnaire from 1992 to 1998; RRs were obtained using 2 182 560 person-years of follow-up with 352 histologically confirmed incident cases of squamous cell cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus.
†Meta-analysis of 8 case-control studies on laryngeal cancer published between January 1973 and June 2001.
‡Systematic review and meta-analysis included in report from the World Cancer Research Fund, an international collaborative group.