Table 2: Methods for the estimation of population attributable risk used for the individual exposures of interest in this series
EquationExposure
Equation 1: PAR = (Pe (RR - 1))/(1 + [Pe (RR - 1)])Tobacco (passive)
Ultraviolet radiation
Disinfection by-products
Low vitamin D
High salt intake
Low dietary calcium intake
Equation 2: PAR = Pc ((RR - 1))/RRHelicobacter pylori
Epstein-Barr virus
Hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis C virus
Equation 3: PAR = PcHuman papillomavirus for all cancer sites except cervix
Equation 4: PAR = ((Pe1 × ERR1) + (Pe2 × ERR2) + … + (Pex × ERRx))/(1 + ((Pe1 × ERR1) + (Pe2 × ERR2) + … + (Pex × ERRx)) )Tobacco (active)
Oral contraceptives
Hormone replacement therapy
Overweight/obesity
Low fruit and vegetable intake
Red/processed meat intake
High alcohol intake
Low dietary fibre intake
Physical activity/inactivity
Individualized methodsAir pollution
Radon
Insufficient fruit and vegetable intake
Red/processed meat intake
Insufficient fibre intake
Alcohol consumption