| 1 | Active tobacco | Lung |
| | Oral cavity and pharynx |
| | Esophagus |
| | Stomach |
| | Liver |
| | Pancreas |
| | Colorectum |
| | Larynx |
| | Cervix |
| | Ovary (mucinous) |
| | Urinary bladder |
| | Kidney |
| | Acute myeloid leukemia |
| Passive tobacco | Lung |
| | Oral cavity and pharynx |
| | Esophagus |
| | Larynx |
| 2 | High alcohol intake | Mouth |
| | Pharynx |
| | Larynx |
| | Liver |
| | Colorectum |
| | Breast (pre- and postmenopausal) |
| 3 | Overweight/obesity (body mass index > 25 kg/m2) | Breast (postmenopausal) |
| | Colorectum |
| | Esophagus (adenocarcinoma) |
| | Kidney |
| | Endometrium |
| | Gall bladder |
| | Pancreas |
| 4 | Physical inactivity | Breast (postmenopausal) |
| | Colorectum |
| | Endometrium |
| | Lung |
| | Ovary |
| | Prostate |
| 5 | Low vegetable intake (nonstarchy) | Oral cavity and pharynx |
| | Esophagus |
| | Stomach |
| | Larynx |
| Low fruit intake | Oral cavity and pharynx |
| | Esophagus |
| | Stomach |
| | Larynx |
| | Lung |
| 6 | High red meat intake | Colorectum |
| High processed meat intake | Colorectum |
| 7 | Low fibre intake | Colorectum |
| 8 | Low vitamin D | Colorectum |
| | Breast |
| High salt intake | Stomach |
| Low dietary calcium intake | Colorectum |
| 9 | Hormone therapies | |
| Oral contraceptive use | Breast |
| | Endometrium |
| | Ovary |
| Hormone replacement therapy | Breast |
| | Endometrium |
| | Ovary |
| 10 | Infectious agents | |
| Human papillomavirus | Cervix |
| | Vagina |
| | Penis |
| | Anus |
| | Vulva |
| | Oropharynx |
| Helicobacter pylori | Stomach |
| Epstein-Barr virus | Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma |
| | Hodgkin's lymphoma |
| | Burkitt's lymphoma |
| | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
| Hepatitis B virus | Liver |
| Hepatitis C virus | Liver |
| 11 | Ultraviolet radiation | Melanoma |
| 12 | Radon | Lung |
| 13 | Air pollution (fine particulate matter [PM2.5]) | Lung |