| Factor | Hazard ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|
| Time from symptom onset to arrival at hospital, h (v. ≤ 0.5 h) | |
| > 0.5-1.0 | 1.59 (1.21-2.08) |
| > 1.0-1.5 | 1.55 (1.18-2.05) |
| > 1.5-2.0 | 1.37 (1.02-1.84) |
| > 2.0-3.0 | 1.31 (0.96-1.77) |
| > 3.0-4.0 | 0.81 (0.56-1.19) |
| Age group, yr (v. ≥ 80) | |
| 18-44 | 1.13 (0.79-1.61) |
| 45-64 | 1.16 (0.98-1.39) |
| 65-79 | 1.06 (0.91-1.24) |
| NIHSS score (v. ≤ 4) | |
| NIHSS > 4 | 3.54 (3.09-4.05) |
| Missing | 2.21 (1.61-3.05) |
| Female sex | 0.76 (0.67-0.86) |
| Income quintile (v. 1, lowest) | |
| 2 | 1.10 (0.91-1.34) |
| 3 | 1.19 (0.97-1.45) |
| 4 | 1.15 (0.94-1.40) |
| 5 (highest) | 1.18 (0.97-1.44) |
| Preferred language (v. English) | |
| Other | 1.06 (0.86-1.30) |
| UTD | 0.82 (0.55-1.22) |
| Not living independently before admission | 0.85 (0.72-1.01) |
| Medical history | |
| Stroke, TIA, ICH | 0.78 (0.67-0.89) |
| Carotid therapy | 0.66 (0.38-1.13) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.96 (0.82-1.10) |
| Hypertension | 1.11 (0.95-1.28) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1.01 (0.88-1.15) |
| Dementia | 0.95 (0.74-1.21) |
| Other cardiovascular disease | 1.08 (0.94-1.24) |
| Presentation | |
| Outside business hours | 1.07 (0.94-1.22) |
| Arrived to hospital from (v. from home) | |
| Nursing, retirement home or complex continuing care | 1.21 (0.94-1.56) |
| Other | 1.90 (0.77-4.67) |
| Missing or UTD | 0.44 (0.24-0.81) |
| Hospital | |
| Type (v. nondesignated hospital) | |
| Regional stroke centre | 5.60 (2.70-11.62) |
| District stroke centre | 6.78 (3.66-12.56) |
| Rural location (v. urban) | 0.08 (0.02-0.36) |
| Annual stroke volume (v. high) | |
| Medium (101-200) | 1.06 (0.54-2.05) |
| Low (≤ 00) | 2.73 (1.00-7.47) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, ICH = intracranial hemorrhage, NIHSS = National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, ref = reference category, TIA = transient ischemic attack, UTD = unable to determine.