| Characteristic | Total n = 5245 | Readiness to quit, %† | p value‡ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ready in next 30 d n = 1547 | Ready in next 6 mo n = 2115 | Not ready n = 1479 | |||
| Age, mean (95% CI), yr | 47.4 (47.0-47.8) | 46.1 (45.4-46.8) | 46.5 (45.9-47.1) | 49.8 (49.0-50.6) | < 0.001 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 42.2 | 44.6 | 40.6 | 42.1 | 0.07 |
| Female | 57.8 | 55.4 | 59.4 | 57.9 | |
| Education level | |||||
| < High school | 22.3 | 21.2 | 20.4 | 26.2 | < 0.001 |
| High school | 33.2 | 31.0 | 33.2 | 35.4 | |
| Some postsecondary | 23.9 | 25.1 | 25.0 | 21.1 | |
| University degree | 20.6 | 22.7 | 21.5 | 17.3 | |
| Smoking-related illness | 26.8 | 27.3 | 25.9 | 27.2 | 0.7 |
| Heart disease, heart attack, heart failure, stroke | 10.9 | 10.2 | 10.3 | 12.3 | 0.2 |
| Diabetes | 13.1 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.3 | 0.9 |
| Cancer | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 4.5 | 0.2 |
| COPD | 8.7 | 11.0 | 8.2 | 7.1 | < 0.001 |
| Anxiety/depression, self-reported§ | 46.3 | 45.9 | 47.0 | 45.7 | 0.7 |
| Cigarettes per day, mean (95% CI) | 16.6 (16.3-16.9) | 15.7 (15.2-16.3) | 16.3 (15.9-16.7) | 18.0 (17.4-18.5) | < 0.001 |
| No. of years smoking, mean (95% CI) | 27.5 (27.1-27.9) | 25.4 (24.7-26.2) | 26.7 (26.1-27.3) | 30.7 (29.9-31.5) | < 0.001 |
| Time (min) to first cigarette in the morning¶ | |||||
| > 60 | 19.5 | 21.5 | 18.9 | 18.2 | < 0.001 |
| 31-60 | 19.2 | 18.9 | 20.6 | 17.3 | |
| 6-30 | 35.0 | 33.5 | 37.1 | 33.6 | |
| ≤ 5 | 26.3 | 26.1 | 23.4 | 30.8 | |
| Readiness to quit* | |||||
| Ready in next 30 d | 30.1 | - | - | - | - |
| Ready in next 6 mo | 41.1 | - | - | - | - |
| Not ready | 28.8 | - | - | - | - |
| Cessation self-efficacy, mean score (95% CI)** | 5.1 (5.0- 5.2) | 6.6 (6.5- 6.7) | 5.4 (5.3- 5.5) | 2.8 (2.6- 2.9) | < 0.001 |
Note: CI = confidence interval, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
*In response to the question, "Which of the following best describes your feelings about quitting smoking right now?"
†Unless stated otherwise.
‡p values have been adjusted for clinic-level clustering.
§Self-reported presence of current anxiety or depression: "Do you have any of the following conditions?: anxiety or depression."
¶In response to the question, "How soon after you wake up do you smoke your first cigarette?"
**In response to the question, "On a scale of 0 to 10 how confident are you that you would be able to quit smoking at this time? (0 = not at all confident, 10 = extremely confident)."