| Characteristic | No. (%) of patients† | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All n = 250 346 | With hypertension n = 57 180 | Without hypertension n = 193 166 | ||
| Age, yr, mean ± SD | 50.0 ± 18.7 | 65.5 ± 14.4 | 45.4 ± 17.3 | < 0.001‡ |
| Sex | < 0.001§ | |||
| Male | 104 182 (41.6) | 25 124 (43.9) | 79 058 (40.9) | |
| Female | 146 164 (58.4) | 32 056 (56.1) | 114 108 (59.1) | |
| Location | n = 242 479 | n = 55 942 | n = 186 537 | < 0.001§ |
| Urban | 188 076 (77.6) | 41 448 (74.1) | 146 628 (78.6) | |
| Rural | 54 403 (22.4) | 14 494 (25.9) | 39 909 (21.4) | |
| BMI | n = 159 677 | n = 41 635 | n = 118 042 | |
| Mean ± SD | 27.2 ± 6.4 | 28.1 ± 6.5 | 26.8 ± 6.3 | 0.001‡ |
| < 18 (underweight) | 7 745 (4.9) | 1 795 (4.3) | 5 950 (5.1) | < 0.001¶ |
| 18–24 (normal) | 52 989 (33.2) | 11 286 (27.1) | 41 703 (35.3) | |
| 25–29 (overweight) | 51 433 (32.2) | 13 769 (33.1) | 37 665 (31.9) | |
| ≥ 30 (obese) | 47 510 (29.7) | 14 785 (35.5) | 32 725 (27.7) | |
| Smoking status | n = 99 673 | n = 24 679 | n = 74 994 | 0.001¶ |
| Current smoker | 17 629 (17.7) | 3 679 (14.9) | 13 950 (18.6) | |
| Past smoker | 20 024 (20.1) | 6 716 (27.2) | 13 308 (17.8) | |
| Never smoked | 62 020 (62.2) | 14 284 (57.9) | 47 736 (63.7) | |
| No. of comorbid conditions | 0.001¶ | |||
| 0 | 162 425 (64.9) | 25 315 (44.3) | 137 110 (71.0) | |
| 1 | 66 259 (26.5) | 20 939 (36.6) | 45 320 (23.5) | |
| 2 | 17 198 (6.9) | 8 289 (14.5) | 8 909 (4.6) | |
| 3 | 3 761 (1.5) | 2 183 (3.8) | 1 578 (0.8) | |
| ≥ 4 | 703 (0.3) | 454 (0.8) | 249 (0.1) | |
| No. of encounters in past 2 yr | 0.001‡ | |||
| Mean ± SD | 7.7 ± 7.8 | 11.2 ± 9.4 | 6.6 ± 6.9 | |
| Median (IQR) | 5.0 (1.5–8.5) | 9.0 (4.5–13.5) | 5.0 (1.5–8.5) | |
Note: BMI = body mass index, IQR = interquartile range, SD = standard deviation. *All patients who had at least 1 clinical encounter at a participating practice in the 2 years before the study. †Unless stated otherwise. Subgroup totals differ from group total where indicated. ‡ t test. §Fisher exact test. ¶χ2 test.