| Outcome; intervention type | Meta-analysis, MD (95% CI) | Statistical heterogeneity (within-group), p value (I2 value, %) | Test for between-group differences, p value (I2 value, %) | No. of participants | No. of studies | Quality of evidence rating* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maintenance of weight, kg | ||||||
| Overall | –1.44 (–2.42 to –0.47) | 0.010 (67) | NA | 2386 | 6 | Moderate |
| Behavioural | –1.56 (–3.10 to –0.02) | 0.10 (63) | 0.88 (0) | 1215 | 2 | Moderate |
| Pharmacological + behavioural | –1.39 (–2.86 to 0.08) | 0.006 (76) | 1171 | 4 | Low | |
| Maintenance of BMI, kg/m2 | ||||||
| Behavioural | –0.95 (–1.67 to –0.23) | NA | NA | 234 | 1 | Moderate |
| Maintenance of waist circumference, cm | ||||||
| Pharmacological + behavioural | –2.30 (–3.45 to –1.15) | NA | Na | 309 | 1 | Moderate |
Note: BMI = body mass index, MD = mean difference, NA = not applicable. *Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) quality of evidence rating reflects confidence in the estimate of effect assessed through 5 domains of the evidence (risk of bias, indirectness, imprecision, inconsistency and reporting bias): moderate = downgraded for risk of bias, low = downgraded for risk of bias and imprecision.