| Residents | Medical doctors in a graduate training program, practising under the supervision of fully licensed physicians. |
| Academic faculty | Fully licensed physicians with a university appointment and academic focus. Responsibilities include supervision of residents. |
| International fellows | Advanced trainees who have often completed training in another accredited system. Supervised by academic faculty. |
| Nonacademic physicians | Fully licensed physicians who primarily do patient care with no required educational responsibility. |
| Physician extenders | Nonphysicians trained to aid in clinical care. Examples include physician assistants and nurse practitioners. |