| Reference | Surveillance period | Study design | Country | Hematologic malignancy | No. of patients | Incidence, % | Standardized definitions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Klimowski et al.21 | 1964–1983 | Single centre | USA | AML ALL | 716 546 | 6.7 3.3 | NA |
| Pagano et al.18 | 1987–1998 | Multicentre, retrospective | Italy | AL | 4448 | 6.2† | MSG29 |
| Nosari et al.22 | 1989–1999 | Single centre, retrospective | Italy | AL | 675 | 7.1 | NA |
| Cornet et al.20 | 1994–1999 | Multicentre, prospective | France | AML ALL | NA | 8.0 6.3 | 2002 EORTC/MSG30 |
| Mühlemann et al.25 | 1995–1999 | Single centre, retrospective | Switzerland | AL MDS | 101 | 12 | 2002 EORTC/MSG30 |
| Caira et al.3 | 1999–2003 | Multicentre, prospective | Italy | AML | 1596 | 10.5 | 2002 EORTC/MSG30 |
| Pagano et al.1 | 1999–2003 | Multicentre, retrospective | Italy | AL AML ALL | 4185 3012 1173 | 6.1 7.1 3.8 | 2002 EORTC/MSG30 |
| Slobbe et al.15 | 2002–2007 | Single centre, prospective | The Netherlands | AML MDS | 269 | 18 | 2008 EORTC/MSG27 |
| Vehreschild et al.9 | 2003–2005 | Multicentre, prospective | Germany | AML | 82 | 13.4 | 2002 EORTC/MSG30 |
| Nicolle et al.23‡ | 2004–2009 | Single centre, prospective | France | AL AML ALL | 2928 2078 850 | 3.8 4.4 2.2 | 2008 EORTC/MSG27 |
| Montagna et al.17 | 2007–2008 | Multicentre, prospective | Italy | AL AML ALL | 243 195 48 | 1.2 1.0 2.1 | 2008 EORTC/MSG27 |
| Pagano et al.19 | 2007–2009 | Multicentre, prospective | Italy | AML | 747 | 4.2 | NA |
| Nucci et al.24 | 2007–2009 | Multicentre, prospective | Brazil | AML MDS | 202 | 5.9 | 2008 EORTC/MSG27 |
| Barkati et al. (present study) | 2008–2010 | Single centre, retrospective | Canada | AL | 101 | 8.9 | 2008 EORTC/MSG27 |
Note: AL = acute leukemia, ALL = acute lymphocytic leukemia, AML = acute myeloid leukemia, EORTC/MSG = European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and Mycoses Study Group of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, MDS = myelodysplastic syndrome, MSG = Mycoses Study Group of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NA = not available. *Patients with invasive aspergillosis following hematopoietic stem cell transplant for acute leukemia were excluded from this review. †Incidence for all cases of filamentous fungal infection (76% of which were invasive aspergillosis). ‡Posaconazole prophylaxis was introduced in remission–induction chemotherapy for patients with AML during the year 2007.