| Cause of death | HCV+/HIV– † n = 1068 | HCV–/HIV+‡ n = 70 | HCV+/HIV+ n = 465 | HCV–/HIV– n = 693 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of deaths | Rate§ (95% CI) | SMR (95% CI) | No. of deaths | Rate§ (95% CI) | SMR (95% CI) | No. of deaths | Rate§ (95% CI) | SMR (95% CI) | No. of deaths | Rate§ (95% CI) | SMR (95% CI) | |
| All | 106 | 167 (138–203) | 5.9 (4.9–7.1) | 23 | 641 (426–964) | 19.2 (12.8–28.9) | 126 | 515 (432–613) | 23.0 (19.3–27.4) | 44 | 107 (79–143) | 3.5 (2.6–4.7) |
| Infection | 10 | 16 (8–29) | 5.4 (2.9–10.1) | 13 | 362 (210–624) | 130.3 (75.7–224.5) | 68 | 278 (219–352) | 107.7 (84.9–136.6) | 4 | 10 (4–26) | 3.5 (1.3–9.4) |
| Neoplasm | 9 | 14 (7–27) | 1.8 (0.9–3.4) | 0 | – | – | 6 | 25 (11–55) | 4.1 (1.9–9.2) | 11 | 27 (15–48) | 2.9 (1.6–5.3) |
| Endocrine | 0 | – | – | 2 | 56 (14–223) | 50.0 (12.5–200.0) | 0 | – | – | 0 | – | – |
| Mental and behavioural | 4 | 6 (2–17) | 10.2 (3.8–27.2) | 1 | 28 (4–200) | 37.7 (5.3–267.5) | 6 | 25 (11–55) | 50.5 (22.7–112.4) | 1 | 2 (0–17) | 3.7 (0.5–26.6) |
| Nervous system | 2 | 3 (1–13) | 5.4 (1.4–21.6) | 0 | – | – | 2 | 8 (2–33) | 18.8 (4.7–75.3) | 3 | 7 (2–23) | 11.5 (3.7–35.5) |
| Circulatory system | 14 | 22 (13–37) | 4.4 (2.6–7.5) | 1 | 28 (4–198) | 4.1 (0.6–28.8) | 3 | 12 (4–38) | 3.5 (1.1–10.9) | 7 | 17 (8–36) | 2.9 (1.4–6.1) |
| Respiratory system | 19 | 30 (19–47) | 16.4 (10.4–25.7) | 1 | 28 (4–198) | 11.6 (1.6–82.2) | 8 | 33 (16–65) | 24.5 (12.3–49.0) | 5 | 12 (5–29) | 6.0 (2.5–14.3) |
| Digestive system | 8 | 13 (6–25) | 8.4 (4.2–16.7) | 0 | – | – | 3 | 12 (4–38) | 10.4 (3.4–32.2) | 1 | 2 (0–17) | 1.5 (0.2–10.6) |
| Genitourinary | 0 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 1 | 2 (0–17) | 8.4 (1.2–59.4) |
| Other¶ | 12 | 19 (11–33) | 30.4 (17.3–53.6) | 1 | 28 (4–198) | 46.9 (6.6–333.1) | 12 | 49 (28–86) | 89.9 (51.1–158.3) | 6 | 15 (7–32) | 23.8 (10.7–53.1) |
| External | 28 | 44 (31–64) | 7.6 (5.2–11.0) | 4 | 111 (42–297) | 21.2 (8.0–56.5) | 18 | 74 (46–117) | 13.9 (8.8–22.1) | 5 | 12 (5–29) | 2.2 (0.9–5.2) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, HCV = hepatitis C virus, SMR = standardized mortality ratio. *Causes of death for participants in the “unknown status” group (i.e., those whose HCV status and HIV status were both unknown, and those whose status was unknown for either HCV or HIV and who had a negative HIV or HCV result, respectively) are shown in Appendix 2 (available at www.cmajopen.ca/content/1/2/E68/suppl/DC1). †Includes participants whose HCV result was positive and whose HIV status was either negative or unknown. ‡Includes participants whose HIV result was positive and whose HCV status was either negative or unknown. §Rate per 10 000 person-years. ¶Includes unknown causes of death.