RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Real-world treatment of hepatitis C with second-generation direct-acting antivirals: initial results from a multicentre Canadian retrospective cohort of diverse patients
JF CMAJ Open
FD Canadian Medical Association
SP E12
OP E18
DO 10.9778/cmajo.20170059
VO 6
IS 1
A1 Alex I. Aspinall
A1 Abdel A. Shaheen
A1 Golasa S. Kochaksaraei
A1 Breean Haslam
A1 Samuel S. Lee
A1 Gisela Macphail
A1 Jeff Kapler
A1 Oscar E. Larios
A1 Kelly W. Burak
A1 Mark G. Swain
A1 Meredith A. Borman
A1 Carla S. Coffin
YR 2018
UL http://www.cmajopen.ca/content/6/1/E12.abstract
AB Background: High hepatitis C cure rates have been observed in registration trials with second-generation direct-acting antivirals. Real-world data also indicate high sustained viral response (SVR) rates. Our objective was to determine real-world SVR rates for patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) who were treated with second-generation direct-acting antivirals in the first 18 months of their availability in Canada.Methods: Four centres in Calgary contributed their treatment data for a diverse patient population including those who had or had not undergone liver transplantation, those coinfected with HIV and vulnerable populations. We included all patients documented to have started hepatitis C treatment with direct-acting antivirals between October 2014 and April 2016, with follow-up through October 2016. We used multivariate analysis to determine independent predictors of treatment failure.Results: Outcome data were available for 351 patients, of whom 326 (92.9%) achieved an SVR (193/206 [93.7%], 57/59 [96.6%] and 44/51 [86.3%] for genotypes 1a, 1b and 3, respectively, p = 0.2). Independent predictors of not achieving SVR were older age (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.95 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90-1.00]), male sex (adjusted OR 0.30 [95% CI 0.10-0.89]) and, in patients with genotype 1a infection, history of hepatocellular carcinoma (adjusted OR 0.13 [95% CI 0.03-0.53]). In the entire cohort, the presence of cirrhosis, genotype and hepatocellular carcinoma were not associated with a lower SVR rate. There were no differences in SVR rate according to treatment centre, HIV coinfection or liver transplantation. Among patients with genotype 3 infection, a significantly lower SVR rate was observed for those treated outside of standard of care than for those treated within standard of care (33.3% v. 89.6%, p = 0.04). De novo hepatocellular carcinoma developed in 12 patients (3.4%) despite successful direct-acting antiviral therapy.Interpretation: We report high SVR rates in a real-world diverse cohort of HCV-infected patients treated with second-generation direct-acting antivirals. The results highlight the importance of conducting real-world analyses to elucidate clinical factors associated with poorer outcomes that may not be identified in registration trials.