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Research
Open Access

Primary care bonus payments and patient-reported access in urban Ontario: a cross-sectional study

Kamila Premji, Ewa Sucha, Richard H. Glazier, Michael E. Green, Walter P. Wodchis, William E. Hogg, Tara Kiran, Eliot Frymire, Thomas R. Freeman and Bridget L. Ryan
November 30, 2021 9 (4) E1080-E1096; DOI: https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20200235
Kamila Premji
Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry (Premji, Freeman, Ryan), Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Premji), University of Ottawa; ICES uOttawa (Sucha, Hogg), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Toronto (Glazier, Kiran); Department of Family and Community Medicine and MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Glazier, Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; ICES Queen’s (Green); Department of Family Medicine (Green); Health Services and Policy Research Institute (Green, Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Wodchis), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institute for Better Health (Wodchis), Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ont.; Institut du Savoir Montfort (Hogg), Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Studies in Family Medicine (Freeman), Department of Family Medicine; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Ryan), Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont.
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Ewa Sucha
Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry (Premji, Freeman, Ryan), Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Premji), University of Ottawa; ICES uOttawa (Sucha, Hogg), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Toronto (Glazier, Kiran); Department of Family and Community Medicine and MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Glazier, Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; ICES Queen’s (Green); Department of Family Medicine (Green); Health Services and Policy Research Institute (Green, Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Wodchis), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institute for Better Health (Wodchis), Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ont.; Institut du Savoir Montfort (Hogg), Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Studies in Family Medicine (Freeman), Department of Family Medicine; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Ryan), Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont.
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Richard H. Glazier
Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry (Premji, Freeman, Ryan), Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Premji), University of Ottawa; ICES uOttawa (Sucha, Hogg), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Toronto (Glazier, Kiran); Department of Family and Community Medicine and MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Glazier, Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; ICES Queen’s (Green); Department of Family Medicine (Green); Health Services and Policy Research Institute (Green, Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Wodchis), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institute for Better Health (Wodchis), Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ont.; Institut du Savoir Montfort (Hogg), Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Studies in Family Medicine (Freeman), Department of Family Medicine; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Ryan), Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont.
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Michael E. Green
Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry (Premji, Freeman, Ryan), Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Premji), University of Ottawa; ICES uOttawa (Sucha, Hogg), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Toronto (Glazier, Kiran); Department of Family and Community Medicine and MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Glazier, Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; ICES Queen’s (Green); Department of Family Medicine (Green); Health Services and Policy Research Institute (Green, Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Wodchis), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institute for Better Health (Wodchis), Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ont.; Institut du Savoir Montfort (Hogg), Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Studies in Family Medicine (Freeman), Department of Family Medicine; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Ryan), Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont.
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Walter P. Wodchis
Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry (Premji, Freeman, Ryan), Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Premji), University of Ottawa; ICES uOttawa (Sucha, Hogg), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Toronto (Glazier, Kiran); Department of Family and Community Medicine and MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Glazier, Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; ICES Queen’s (Green); Department of Family Medicine (Green); Health Services and Policy Research Institute (Green, Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Wodchis), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institute for Better Health (Wodchis), Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ont.; Institut du Savoir Montfort (Hogg), Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Studies in Family Medicine (Freeman), Department of Family Medicine; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Ryan), Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont.
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William E. Hogg
Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry (Premji, Freeman, Ryan), Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Premji), University of Ottawa; ICES uOttawa (Sucha, Hogg), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Toronto (Glazier, Kiran); Department of Family and Community Medicine and MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Glazier, Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; ICES Queen’s (Green); Department of Family Medicine (Green); Health Services and Policy Research Institute (Green, Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Wodchis), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institute for Better Health (Wodchis), Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ont.; Institut du Savoir Montfort (Hogg), Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Studies in Family Medicine (Freeman), Department of Family Medicine; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Ryan), Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont.
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Tara Kiran
Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry (Premji, Freeman, Ryan), Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Premji), University of Ottawa; ICES uOttawa (Sucha, Hogg), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Toronto (Glazier, Kiran); Department of Family and Community Medicine and MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Glazier, Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; ICES Queen’s (Green); Department of Family Medicine (Green); Health Services and Policy Research Institute (Green, Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Wodchis), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institute for Better Health (Wodchis), Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ont.; Institut du Savoir Montfort (Hogg), Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Studies in Family Medicine (Freeman), Department of Family Medicine; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Ryan), Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont.
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Eliot Frymire
Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry (Premji, Freeman, Ryan), Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Premji), University of Ottawa; ICES uOttawa (Sucha, Hogg), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Toronto (Glazier, Kiran); Department of Family and Community Medicine and MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Glazier, Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; ICES Queen’s (Green); Department of Family Medicine (Green); Health Services and Policy Research Institute (Green, Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Wodchis), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institute for Better Health (Wodchis), Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ont.; Institut du Savoir Montfort (Hogg), Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Studies in Family Medicine (Freeman), Department of Family Medicine; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Ryan), Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont.
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Thomas R. Freeman
Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry (Premji, Freeman, Ryan), Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Premji), University of Ottawa; ICES uOttawa (Sucha, Hogg), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Toronto (Glazier, Kiran); Department of Family and Community Medicine and MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Glazier, Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; ICES Queen’s (Green); Department of Family Medicine (Green); Health Services and Policy Research Institute (Green, Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Wodchis), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institute for Better Health (Wodchis), Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ont.; Institut du Savoir Montfort (Hogg), Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Studies in Family Medicine (Freeman), Department of Family Medicine; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Ryan), Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont.
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Bridget L. Ryan
Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry (Premji, Freeman, Ryan), Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Premji), University of Ottawa; ICES uOttawa (Sucha, Hogg), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Toronto (Glazier, Kiran); Department of Family and Community Medicine and MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Glazier, Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; ICES Queen’s (Green); Department of Family Medicine (Green); Health Services and Policy Research Institute (Green, Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Wodchis), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Institute for Better Health (Wodchis), Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ont.; Institut du Savoir Montfort (Hogg), Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Studies in Family Medicine (Freeman), Department of Family Medicine; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Ryan), Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont.
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Online appendices

  • Appendix 1
  • Reviewer comments
  • Original submission
  • STROBE statement

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