Age (years) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) |
Sex, male | 0.89 (0.79–1.01) | 0.89 (0.79–1.01) |
Documented diabetes diagnosis | 0.82 (0.69–0.96) | 0.82 (0.69–0.96) |
Insulin use | 0.95 (0.82–1.09) | 0.95 (0.82–1.09) |
Oral antihyperglycemic agent use | 1.06 (0.89–1.25) | 1.06 (0.89–1.26) |
Glasgow Coma Scale score < 9 | 1.13 (0.97–1.32) | 1.12 (0.65–1.31) |
Canadian Triage Acuity Scale level ≤ 3 | 2.09 (1.61–2.71) | 2.05 (1.58–2.66) |
Overnight call (18:00–06:00) | 0.81 (0.72–0.91) | 0.80 (0.72–0.91) |
“Diabetic emergency” as final primary problem code | 1.10 (0.97–1.25) | 1.10 (0.97–1.25) |
Crew type |
Advanced care paramedics (referent group) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Emergency medical assistants or primary care paramedics | 0.94 (0.80–1.10) | 0.94 (0.81–1.10) |
Primary care paramedics with advanced training to administer IV medications | 1.34 (0.83–2.17) | 1.31 (0.82–2.11) |
CBG (per mmol/L) | 0.26 (0.24–0.29) | 0.31 (0.22–0.44) |
Treatment |
Oral glucose alone (referent group) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
IV dextrose alone or with oral glucose | 1.11 (0.92–1.30) | 1.63 (0.70–3.80) |
Any IM glucagon (alone, with oral glucose or with IV dextrose) | 1.14 (0.97–1.34) | 3.89 (1.64–9.20) |
All 3 (oral glucose + IV dextrose + IM glucagon) | 0.45 (0.14–1.37) | 0.21 (0.02–2.18) |
Interaction of CBG and treatment |
CBG (per mmol/L), oral glucose (referent group) | – | 1.00 |
CBG (per mmol/L), IV dextrose alone or with oral glucose | – | 0.90 (0.63–1.28) |
CBG (per mmol/L), any IM glucagon (alone, with oral glucose or with IV dextrose) | – | 0.67 (0.47–0.95) |
CBG (per mmol/L), all 3 (oral glucose + IV dextrose + IM glucagon) | – | 1.52 (0.56–4.12) |