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Effectiveness of physical activity interventions in older adults with frailty or prefrailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Megan Racey, Muhammad Usman Ali, Diana Sherifali, Donna Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Ruth Lewis, Milos Jovkovic, Danielle R. Bouchard, Anik Giguère, Jayna Holroyd-Leduc, Ada Tang, Leah Gramlich, Heather Keller, Jeanette Prorok, Perry Kim, Amanda Lorbergs and John Muscedere; for the Canadian Frailty Network
July 13, 2021 9 (3) E728-E743; DOI: https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20200222
Megan Racey
McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.
Muhammad Usman Ali
McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.
Diana Sherifali
McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.
Donna Fitzpatrick-Lewis
McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.
Ruth Lewis
McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.
Milos Jovkovic
McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.
Danielle R. Bouchard
McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.
Anik Giguère
McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.
Jayna Holroyd-Leduc
McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.
Ada Tang
McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.
Leah Gramlich
McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.
Heather Keller
McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.
Jeanette Prorok
McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.
Perry Kim
McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.
Amanda Lorbergs
McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.
John Muscedere
McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.

Article Information
vol. 9 no. 3 E728-E743
History
- Published online July 13, 2021.
Copyright & Usage
© 2021 CMA Joule Inc. or its licensors This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original publication is properly cited, the use is noncommercial (i.e., research or educational use), and no modifications or adaptations are made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Author Information
- Megan Racey, PhD,
- Muhammad Usman Ali, MD MSc,
- Diana Sherifali, RN PhD,
- Donna Fitzpatrick-Lewis, MSW,
- Ruth Lewis, BA,
- Milos Jovkovic, MSc,
- Danielle R. Bouchard, PhD,
- Anik Giguère, PhD,
- Jayna Holroyd-Leduc, MD,
- Ada Tang, PhD,
- Leah Gramlich, MD,
- Heather Keller, RD PhD,
- Jeanette Prorok, PhD,
- Perry Kim, PhD,
- Amanda Lorbergs, PhD,
- John Muscedere, MD
- for the Canadian Frailty Network
- McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.
- Correspondence to: Diana Sherifali, dsherif{at}mcmaster.ca; Megan Racey, raceym{at}mcmaster.ca
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Effectiveness of physical activity interventions in older adults with frailty or prefrailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Megan Racey, Muhammad Usman Ali, Diana Sherifali, Donna Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Ruth Lewis, Milos Jovkovic, Danielle R. Bouchard, Anik Giguère, Jayna Holroyd-Leduc, Ada Tang, Leah Gramlich, Heather Keller, Jeanette Prorok, Perry Kim, Amanda Lorbergs, John Muscedere
Jul 2021, 9 (3) E728-E743; DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20200222
Effectiveness of physical activity interventions in older adults with frailty or prefrailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Megan Racey, Muhammad Usman Ali, Diana Sherifali, Donna Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Ruth Lewis, Milos Jovkovic, Danielle R. Bouchard, Anik Giguère, Jayna Holroyd-Leduc, Ada Tang, Leah Gramlich, Heather Keller, Jeanette Prorok, Perry Kim, Amanda Lorbergs, John Muscedere
Jul 2021, 9 (3) E728-E743; DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20200222