Barriers |
Parental reluctance | 57 (41.9) |
Lack of clear guidelines for opioid use in children | 35 (25.7) |
Concern about adverse effects | 33 (24.3) |
Concern about serious adverse events | 30 (22.1) |
Regulation of prescribing opioids (e.g., triplicate prescription needed) | 29 (21.3) |
Assessing pain in younger children is difficult | 27 (19.8) |
Lack of comfort with medication dosing | 21 (15.4) |
Policy regarding nursing/monitoring of patients who receive opioids | 21 (15.4) |
Concern for opioid use disorders and addiction | 18 (13.2) |
Lack of adequate research to guide practice | 17 (12.5) |
Consultant preference | 16 (11.8) |
Concern for opioid dependence | 13 (9.6) |
Fear that opioids can mask symptoms and lead to missed diagnoses | 3 (2.2) |
Other | 5 (3.7) |
Facilitators |
Personal clinical experience with opioid use in children | 108 (79.4) |
Opportunity to monitor patients in emergency department | 90 (66.2) |
Parental approval and understanding of benefits/adverse effects of opioids | 60 (44.1) |
Good research available on opioid use in children | 51 (37.5) |
Documented pain scores | 51 (37.5) |
Opioid-specific protocols in institution/emergency department | 47 (34.6) |
Patient known to be not opioid naive and has used opioids safely in the past | 35 (25.7) |
Other | 2 (1.5) |