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Research

Income-related disparities in private prescription drug coverage in Canada

Talshyn Bolatova and Michael R. Law
October 11, 2019 7 (4) E618-E623; DOI: https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20190085
Talshyn Bolatova
Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
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Michael R. Law
Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
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Article Figures & Tables

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  • Figure 1:
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    Figure 1:

    Selection of study sample from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2015–16.

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    Table 1:

    Sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of private drug insurance coverage among respondents to the Canadian Community Health Survey

    CharacteristicNo. of respondents
    n = 97 008
    Weighted proportion of total population, %Weighted, proportion with, private drug, insurance, %Estimated, proportion with, private drug, insurance, %
    Annual household income, $
     < 20 00087626.62.219.8
     20 000–39 99917 55314.37.129.5
     40 000–59 99916 12815.012.349.0
     60 000–79 99913 43514.314.560.4
     ≥ 80 00041 13049.863.876.2
    Sex
     Male44 86749.349.960.1
     Female52 14150.750.158.8
    Age, yr
     12–1775227.18.471.0
     18–2460129.78.854.5
     25–3412 67216.518.064.8
     35–4412 53815.018.372.7
     45–5413 97217.020.471.7
     55–6417 18616.217.463.8
     65–7416 03911.65.930.2
     ≥ 7511 0677.02.621.8
    Ethnicity
     White85 89178.080.161.0
     Nonwhite (Aboriginal/other visible minority)11 11722.019.953.8
    Education
     Less than secondary school graduation21 14417.814.247.6
     Secondary school graduation, no postsecondary education20 78421.719.854.3
     Postsecondary certificate diploma/university degree55 08060.666.064.7
    Province
     British Columbia12 74113.112.556.8
     Alberta11 93311.613.468.4
     Saskatchewan39882.93.163.9
     Manitoba45043.23.564.7
     Ontario29 51338.738.258.7
     Quebec21 28523.722.155.4
     New Brunswick30072.12.365.4
     Nova Scotia43472.72.962.6
     Prince Edward Island16950.40.461.1
     Newfoundland and Labrador26801.41.562.1
     Yukon Territory7250.10.149.1
     Northwest Territories4440.10.162.1
     Nunavut1460.00.077.3
    No. of chronic conditions
     041 23449.153.965.3
     124 89225.325.760.4
     ≥ 230 88225.620.347.2
    Citizenship
     Landed immigrant/nonpermanent resident15 91326.022.952.3
     Nonimmigrant (Canadian born)81 09574.077.162.0
    • View popup
    Table 2:

    Unadjusted and multivariate parameter estimates from a modified Poisson model estimating the association of sociodemographic characteristics with private drug insurance coverage

    VariablePrevalence ratio (95% CI)
    UnadjustedAdjusted
    Annual household income, $
     20 000–39 9991.49 (1.36–1.64)1.55 (1.41–1.70)
     40 000–59 9992.48 (2.26–2.71)2.36 (2.16–2.58)
     60 000–79 9993.05 (2.79–3.34)2.75 (2.52–3.00)
     ≥ 80 0003.85 (3.53–4.20)3.22 (2.95–3.51)
     < 20 00011
    Sex
     Female0.98 (0.96–0.99)1.03 (1.01–1.04)
     Male11
    Age, yr
     18–240.77 (0.73–0.80)0.66 (0.63–0.70)
     25–340.91 (0.88–0.94)0.75 (0.71–0.78)
     35–441.02 (0.99–1.06)0.81 (0.77–0.84)
     45–541.01 (0.98–1.04)0.80 (0.76–0.83)
     55–640.90 (0.87–0.93)0.75 (0.72–0.78)
     65–740.43 (0.41–0.44)0.40 (0.38–0.43)
     ≥ 750.31 (0.29–0.33)0.33 (0.31–0.36)
     12–1711
    Ethnicity
     Nonwhite (Aboriginal/other visible minority)0.88 (0.86–0.91)0.90 (0.87–0.93)
     White11
    Education
     Postsecondary certificate diploma/university degree1.36 (1.33–1.40)1.29 (1.24–1.34)
     Secondary school graduation, no postsecondary education1.14 (1.11–1.18)1.19 (1.14–1.24)
     Less than secondary school graduation11
    Province
     British Columbia0.97 (0.94–1.00)0.99 (0.96–1.01)
     Alberta1.16 (1.14–1.19)1.05 (1.03–1.08)
     Saskatchewan1.09 (1.05–1.13)1.03 (0.99–1.06)
     Manitoba1.10 (1.06–1.14)1.09 (1.05–1.13)
     Quebec0.94 (0.92–0.97)0.96 (0.94–0.99)
     New Brunswick1.11 (1.07–1.16)1.15 (1.11–1.20)
     Nova Scotia1.07 (1.03–1.11)1.09 (1.06–1.13)
     Prince Edward Island1.04 (0.99–1.10)1.08 (1.03–1.13)
     Newfoundland and Labrador1.06 (1.01–1.11)1.08 (1.04–1.13)
     Yukon Territory0.84 (0.76–0.92)0.74 (0.67–0.81)
     Northwest Territories1.06 (0.96–1.17)0.82 (0.74–0.91)
     Nunavut1.32 (1.18–1.47)0.98 (0.88–1.08)
     Ontario11
    No. of chronic conditions
     10.92 (0.91–0.94)1.00 (0.98–1.02)
     ≥ 20.72 (0.71–0.74)0.96 (0.94–0.98)
     011
    Citizenship
     Nonimmigrant (Canadian born)1.19 (1.15–1.22)1.05 (1.02–1.09)
     Landed immigrant/nonpermanent resident11
    • Note: CI = confidence interval.

    • View popup
    Table 3:

    Age-stratified adjusted prevalence ratio for holding private drug insurance

    Annual household income, $Age, yr; prevalence ratio (95% CI)
    12–1718–2425–64≥ 65
    20 000–39 9991.23 (0.94–1.61)1.06 (0.88–1.28)1.84 (1.60–2.12)1.96 (1.59–2.43)
    40 000–59 9991.79 (1.41–2.29)1.18 (0.99–1.41)2.92 (2.55–3.34)3.34 (2.70–4.13)
    60 000–79 9992.20 (1.73–2.79)1.28 (1.07–1.52)3.40 (2.97–3.89)3.99 (3.21–4.96)
    ≥ 80 0002.58 (2.05–3.24)1.57 (1.36–1.81)4.02 (3.52–4.59)4.51 (3.64–5.59)
    < 20 0001111
    • Note: CI = confidence interval.

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CMAJ Open: 7 (4)
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Income-related disparities in private prescription drug coverage in Canada
Talshyn Bolatova, Michael R. Law
Oct 2019, 7 (4) E618-E623; DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20190085

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Income-related disparities in private prescription drug coverage in Canada
Talshyn Bolatova, Michael R. Law
Oct 2019, 7 (4) E618-E623; DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20190085
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