Assessment of the burden of diseases and injuries attributable to risk factors in Canada from 1990 to 2016: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study

Departments of Medicine (Alam, Cahill) and of Community Health and Epidemiology (Alam, Cahill), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (Lang), CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Lang, Orpana), Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, and Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre of Excellence in Cancer Prevention (Gotay), School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kozloff), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Kozloff), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Mate), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry (Patten), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Orpana), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Afshin), Seattle, Wash.; Department of Nutrition (Cahill), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass

Departments of Medicine (Alam, Cahill) and of Community Health and Epidemiology (Alam, Cahill), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (Lang), CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Lang, Orpana), Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, and Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre of Excellence in Cancer Prevention (Gotay), School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kozloff), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Kozloff), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Mate), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry (Patten), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Orpana), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Afshin), Seattle, Wash.; Department of Nutrition (Cahill), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass

Departments of Medicine (Alam, Cahill) and of Community Health and Epidemiology (Alam, Cahill), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (Lang), CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Lang, Orpana), Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, and Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre of Excellence in Cancer Prevention (Gotay), School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kozloff), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Kozloff), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Mate), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry (Patten), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Orpana), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Afshin), Seattle, Wash.; Department of Nutrition (Cahill), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass

Departments of Medicine (Alam, Cahill) and of Community Health and Epidemiology (Alam, Cahill), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (Lang), CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Lang, Orpana), Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, and Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre of Excellence in Cancer Prevention (Gotay), School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kozloff), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Kozloff), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Mate), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry (Patten), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Orpana), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Afshin), Seattle, Wash.; Department of Nutrition (Cahill), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass

Departments of Medicine (Alam, Cahill) and of Community Health and Epidemiology (Alam, Cahill), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (Lang), CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Lang, Orpana), Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, and Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre of Excellence in Cancer Prevention (Gotay), School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kozloff), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Kozloff), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Mate), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry (Patten), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Orpana), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Afshin), Seattle, Wash.; Department of Nutrition (Cahill), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass

Departments of Medicine (Alam, Cahill) and of Community Health and Epidemiology (Alam, Cahill), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (Lang), CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Lang, Orpana), Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, and Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre of Excellence in Cancer Prevention (Gotay), School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kozloff), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Kozloff), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Mate), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry (Patten), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Orpana), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Afshin), Seattle, Wash.; Department of Nutrition (Cahill), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass

Departments of Medicine (Alam, Cahill) and of Community Health and Epidemiology (Alam, Cahill), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (Lang), CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Lang, Orpana), Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, and Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre of Excellence in Cancer Prevention (Gotay), School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kozloff), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Kozloff), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Mate), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry (Patten), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Orpana), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Afshin), Seattle, Wash.; Department of Nutrition (Cahill), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass

Departments of Medicine (Alam, Cahill) and of Community Health and Epidemiology (Alam, Cahill), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (Lang), CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Lang, Orpana), Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, and Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre of Excellence in Cancer Prevention (Gotay), School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kozloff), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Kozloff), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Mate), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry (Patten), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Orpana), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Afshin), Seattle, Wash.; Department of Nutrition (Cahill), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass

Departments of Medicine (Alam, Cahill) and of Community Health and Epidemiology (Alam, Cahill), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (Lang), CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Lang, Orpana), Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, and Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre of Excellence in Cancer Prevention (Gotay), School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kozloff), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Kozloff), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Mate), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry (Patten), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Orpana), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Afshin), Seattle, Wash.; Department of Nutrition (Cahill), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass

Departments of Medicine (Alam, Cahill) and of Community Health and Epidemiology (Alam, Cahill), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (Lang), CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Lang, Orpana), Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, and Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre of Excellence in Cancer Prevention (Gotay), School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kozloff), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Kozloff), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Mate), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry (Patten), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Orpana), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Afshin), Seattle, Wash.; Department of Nutrition (Cahill), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass