Patient characteristics, resource use and outcomes associated with general internal medicine hospital care: the General Medicine Inpatient Initiative (GEMINI) retrospective cohort study

Li Ka Shing Centre for Healthcare Analytics Research and Training (Verma, Mamdani), St. Michael's Hospital; Eliot Phillipson Clinician-Scientist Training Program (Verma), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Guo, Dhalla, Hwang, Laupacis, Mamdani, Razak), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Medicine (Kwan), Sinai Health System; Department of Medicine (Kwan, Lapointe-Shaw, Rawal, Razak, Tang, Weinerman), University of Toronto; Division of General Internal Medicine (Rawal), University Health Network; Institute for Better Health (Tang, Reid), Trillium Health Partners; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Weinerman); University Health Network, Sinai Health System (Cram), University of Toronto; Health Quality Ontario (Dhalla); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Shadowitz), University of Toronto; Bridgepoint Health (Upshur), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies (Razak), Cambridge, Mass.

Li Ka Shing Centre for Healthcare Analytics Research and Training (Verma, Mamdani), St. Michael's Hospital; Eliot Phillipson Clinician-Scientist Training Program (Verma), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Guo, Dhalla, Hwang, Laupacis, Mamdani, Razak), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Medicine (Kwan), Sinai Health System; Department of Medicine (Kwan, Lapointe-Shaw, Rawal, Razak, Tang, Weinerman), University of Toronto; Division of General Internal Medicine (Rawal), University Health Network; Institute for Better Health (Tang, Reid), Trillium Health Partners; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Weinerman); University Health Network, Sinai Health System (Cram), University of Toronto; Health Quality Ontario (Dhalla); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Shadowitz), University of Toronto; Bridgepoint Health (Upshur), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies (Razak), Cambridge, Mass.

Li Ka Shing Centre for Healthcare Analytics Research and Training (Verma, Mamdani), St. Michael's Hospital; Eliot Phillipson Clinician-Scientist Training Program (Verma), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Guo, Dhalla, Hwang, Laupacis, Mamdani, Razak), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Medicine (Kwan), Sinai Health System; Department of Medicine (Kwan, Lapointe-Shaw, Rawal, Razak, Tang, Weinerman), University of Toronto; Division of General Internal Medicine (Rawal), University Health Network; Institute for Better Health (Tang, Reid), Trillium Health Partners; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Weinerman); University Health Network, Sinai Health System (Cram), University of Toronto; Health Quality Ontario (Dhalla); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Shadowitz), University of Toronto; Bridgepoint Health (Upshur), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies (Razak), Cambridge, Mass.

Li Ka Shing Centre for Healthcare Analytics Research and Training (Verma, Mamdani), St. Michael's Hospital; Eliot Phillipson Clinician-Scientist Training Program (Verma), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Guo, Dhalla, Hwang, Laupacis, Mamdani, Razak), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Medicine (Kwan), Sinai Health System; Department of Medicine (Kwan, Lapointe-Shaw, Rawal, Razak, Tang, Weinerman), University of Toronto; Division of General Internal Medicine (Rawal), University Health Network; Institute for Better Health (Tang, Reid), Trillium Health Partners; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Weinerman); University Health Network, Sinai Health System (Cram), University of Toronto; Health Quality Ontario (Dhalla); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Shadowitz), University of Toronto; Bridgepoint Health (Upshur), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies (Razak), Cambridge, Mass.

Li Ka Shing Centre for Healthcare Analytics Research and Training (Verma, Mamdani), St. Michael's Hospital; Eliot Phillipson Clinician-Scientist Training Program (Verma), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Guo, Dhalla, Hwang, Laupacis, Mamdani, Razak), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Medicine (Kwan), Sinai Health System; Department of Medicine (Kwan, Lapointe-Shaw, Rawal, Razak, Tang, Weinerman), University of Toronto; Division of General Internal Medicine (Rawal), University Health Network; Institute for Better Health (Tang, Reid), Trillium Health Partners; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Weinerman); University Health Network, Sinai Health System (Cram), University of Toronto; Health Quality Ontario (Dhalla); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Shadowitz), University of Toronto; Bridgepoint Health (Upshur), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies (Razak), Cambridge, Mass.

Li Ka Shing Centre for Healthcare Analytics Research and Training (Verma, Mamdani), St. Michael's Hospital; Eliot Phillipson Clinician-Scientist Training Program (Verma), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Guo, Dhalla, Hwang, Laupacis, Mamdani, Razak), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Medicine (Kwan), Sinai Health System; Department of Medicine (Kwan, Lapointe-Shaw, Rawal, Razak, Tang, Weinerman), University of Toronto; Division of General Internal Medicine (Rawal), University Health Network; Institute for Better Health (Tang, Reid), Trillium Health Partners; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Weinerman); University Health Network, Sinai Health System (Cram), University of Toronto; Health Quality Ontario (Dhalla); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Shadowitz), University of Toronto; Bridgepoint Health (Upshur), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies (Razak), Cambridge, Mass.

Li Ka Shing Centre for Healthcare Analytics Research and Training (Verma, Mamdani), St. Michael's Hospital; Eliot Phillipson Clinician-Scientist Training Program (Verma), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Guo, Dhalla, Hwang, Laupacis, Mamdani, Razak), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Medicine (Kwan), Sinai Health System; Department of Medicine (Kwan, Lapointe-Shaw, Rawal, Razak, Tang, Weinerman), University of Toronto; Division of General Internal Medicine (Rawal), University Health Network; Institute for Better Health (Tang, Reid), Trillium Health Partners; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Weinerman); University Health Network, Sinai Health System (Cram), University of Toronto; Health Quality Ontario (Dhalla); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Shadowitz), University of Toronto; Bridgepoint Health (Upshur), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies (Razak), Cambridge, Mass.

Li Ka Shing Centre for Healthcare Analytics Research and Training (Verma, Mamdani), St. Michael's Hospital; Eliot Phillipson Clinician-Scientist Training Program (Verma), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Guo, Dhalla, Hwang, Laupacis, Mamdani, Razak), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Medicine (Kwan), Sinai Health System; Department of Medicine (Kwan, Lapointe-Shaw, Rawal, Razak, Tang, Weinerman), University of Toronto; Division of General Internal Medicine (Rawal), University Health Network; Institute for Better Health (Tang, Reid), Trillium Health Partners; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Weinerman); University Health Network, Sinai Health System (Cram), University of Toronto; Health Quality Ontario (Dhalla); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Shadowitz), University of Toronto; Bridgepoint Health (Upshur), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies (Razak), Cambridge, Mass.

Li Ka Shing Centre for Healthcare Analytics Research and Training (Verma, Mamdani), St. Michael's Hospital; Eliot Phillipson Clinician-Scientist Training Program (Verma), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Guo, Dhalla, Hwang, Laupacis, Mamdani, Razak), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Medicine (Kwan), Sinai Health System; Department of Medicine (Kwan, Lapointe-Shaw, Rawal, Razak, Tang, Weinerman), University of Toronto; Division of General Internal Medicine (Rawal), University Health Network; Institute for Better Health (Tang, Reid), Trillium Health Partners; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Weinerman); University Health Network, Sinai Health System (Cram), University of Toronto; Health Quality Ontario (Dhalla); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Shadowitz), University of Toronto; Bridgepoint Health (Upshur), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies (Razak), Cambridge, Mass.

Li Ka Shing Centre for Healthcare Analytics Research and Training (Verma, Mamdani), St. Michael's Hospital; Eliot Phillipson Clinician-Scientist Training Program (Verma), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Guo, Dhalla, Hwang, Laupacis, Mamdani, Razak), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Medicine (Kwan), Sinai Health System; Department of Medicine (Kwan, Lapointe-Shaw, Rawal, Razak, Tang, Weinerman), University of Toronto; Division of General Internal Medicine (Rawal), University Health Network; Institute for Better Health (Tang, Reid), Trillium Health Partners; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Weinerman); University Health Network, Sinai Health System (Cram), University of Toronto; Health Quality Ontario (Dhalla); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Shadowitz), University of Toronto; Bridgepoint Health (Upshur), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies (Razak), Cambridge, Mass.

Li Ka Shing Centre for Healthcare Analytics Research and Training (Verma, Mamdani), St. Michael's Hospital; Eliot Phillipson Clinician-Scientist Training Program (Verma), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Guo, Dhalla, Hwang, Laupacis, Mamdani, Razak), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Medicine (Kwan), Sinai Health System; Department of Medicine (Kwan, Lapointe-Shaw, Rawal, Razak, Tang, Weinerman), University of Toronto; Division of General Internal Medicine (Rawal), University Health Network; Institute for Better Health (Tang, Reid), Trillium Health Partners; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Weinerman); University Health Network, Sinai Health System (Cram), University of Toronto; Health Quality Ontario (Dhalla); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Shadowitz), University of Toronto; Bridgepoint Health (Upshur), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies (Razak), Cambridge, Mass.

Li Ka Shing Centre for Healthcare Analytics Research and Training (Verma, Mamdani), St. Michael's Hospital; Eliot Phillipson Clinician-Scientist Training Program (Verma), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Guo, Dhalla, Hwang, Laupacis, Mamdani, Razak), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Medicine (Kwan), Sinai Health System; Department of Medicine (Kwan, Lapointe-Shaw, Rawal, Razak, Tang, Weinerman), University of Toronto; Division of General Internal Medicine (Rawal), University Health Network; Institute for Better Health (Tang, Reid), Trillium Health Partners; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Weinerman); University Health Network, Sinai Health System (Cram), University of Toronto; Health Quality Ontario (Dhalla); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Shadowitz), University of Toronto; Bridgepoint Health (Upshur), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies (Razak), Cambridge, Mass.

Li Ka Shing Centre for Healthcare Analytics Research and Training (Verma, Mamdani), St. Michael's Hospital; Eliot Phillipson Clinician-Scientist Training Program (Verma), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Guo, Dhalla, Hwang, Laupacis, Mamdani, Razak), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Medicine (Kwan), Sinai Health System; Department of Medicine (Kwan, Lapointe-Shaw, Rawal, Razak, Tang, Weinerman), University of Toronto; Division of General Internal Medicine (Rawal), University Health Network; Institute for Better Health (Tang, Reid), Trillium Health Partners; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Weinerman); University Health Network, Sinai Health System (Cram), University of Toronto; Health Quality Ontario (Dhalla); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Shadowitz), University of Toronto; Bridgepoint Health (Upshur), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies (Razak), Cambridge, Mass.

Li Ka Shing Centre for Healthcare Analytics Research and Training (Verma, Mamdani), St. Michael's Hospital; Eliot Phillipson Clinician-Scientist Training Program (Verma), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Guo, Dhalla, Hwang, Laupacis, Mamdani, Razak), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Medicine (Kwan), Sinai Health System; Department of Medicine (Kwan, Lapointe-Shaw, Rawal, Razak, Tang, Weinerman), University of Toronto; Division of General Internal Medicine (Rawal), University Health Network; Institute for Better Health (Tang, Reid), Trillium Health Partners; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Weinerman); University Health Network, Sinai Health System (Cram), University of Toronto; Health Quality Ontario (Dhalla); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Shadowitz), University of Toronto; Bridgepoint Health (Upshur), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies (Razak), Cambridge, Mass.

Li Ka Shing Centre for Healthcare Analytics Research and Training (Verma, Mamdani), St. Michael's Hospital; Eliot Phillipson Clinician-Scientist Training Program (Verma), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Guo, Dhalla, Hwang, Laupacis, Mamdani, Razak), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Medicine (Kwan), Sinai Health System; Department of Medicine (Kwan, Lapointe-Shaw, Rawal, Razak, Tang, Weinerman), University of Toronto; Division of General Internal Medicine (Rawal), University Health Network; Institute for Better Health (Tang, Reid), Trillium Health Partners; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Weinerman); University Health Network, Sinai Health System (Cram), University of Toronto; Health Quality Ontario (Dhalla); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Shadowitz), University of Toronto; Bridgepoint Health (Upshur), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies (Razak), Cambridge, Mass.

Li Ka Shing Centre for Healthcare Analytics Research and Training (Verma, Mamdani), St. Michael's Hospital; Eliot Phillipson Clinician-Scientist Training Program (Verma), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Guo, Dhalla, Hwang, Laupacis, Mamdani, Razak), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Medicine (Kwan), Sinai Health System; Department of Medicine (Kwan, Lapointe-Shaw, Rawal, Razak, Tang, Weinerman), University of Toronto; Division of General Internal Medicine (Rawal), University Health Network; Institute for Better Health (Tang, Reid), Trillium Health Partners; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Weinerman); University Health Network, Sinai Health System (Cram), University of Toronto; Health Quality Ontario (Dhalla); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Shadowitz), University of Toronto; Bridgepoint Health (Upshur), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies (Razak), Cambridge, Mass.