Trials with primary cardiovascular outcomes |
Scirica, 2013, 2014 (SAVOR-TIMI 53)4,5 (saxagliptin) | - | 6.5-12 | 110 (med) | MACE | 65 | 67 | 75 | 31 | 10.3 (med) | 8.0 | 41 | 289/8280 | 228/8212 |
White, 2013 (EXAMINE)6,7 (alogliptin) | - | 6.5-11 (7-11) | 76 (med) | MACE | 61 (med) | 68 | 73 | 29 (med) | 7.2 (med) | 8.0 | 30 | 106/2701 | 89/2679 |
Green, 2015 (TECOS)8,25 (sitagliptin) | - | 6.5-8 | 156 (med) | MACE | 66 | 71 | 68 | 30 | 9.4 (med) | 7.2 | 23 | 228/7332 | 229/7339 |
Trials with primary metabolic outcomes |
Alogliptin |
Nauck, 200926 | Met | 7-10 | 26 | A1C | 55 | 50 | 77 | 32 | 6 | 7.9 | 0 | 1/423 | 0/104 |
DeFronzo, 200827 | - | 7-10 | 26 | A1C | 53 | 53 | 67 | n/r | n/r | 7.9 | 0 | 0/264 | 0/64 |
Pratley, 200928 | Sulf | 7-10 | 26 | A1C | 57 | 52 | 71 | 30 | 7.7 | 8.1 | 0 | 1/401 | 0/99 |
Pratley, 200929 | Pio | 7-10 | 26 | A1C | 55 | 58 | 74 | 33 | 7.6 | 8.0 | 0 | 2/397 | 0/97 |
Rosenstock, 200930 | Ins | ≥ 8 | 26 | A1C | 55 | 41 | 65 | 32 | 12.6 | 9.3 | 100 | 0/261 | 0/129 |
Rosenstock, 201031 | Pio 30 | 7.5-11 | 26 | A1C | 53 | 49 | 80 | 31 | 3.2 | 8.8 | 0 | 0/327 | 0/163 |
Pratley, 201432 | ± Met | 7.5-10 | 26 | A1C | 54 | 54 | 68 | 31 | 4.0 | 8-8.5 | 0 | 0/442 | 0/326 |
DeFronzo, 201233 | Met ± Pio | 7.5-10 | 26 | A1C | 54 | 45 | 71 | 3 | 6.2 | 8.5 | 0 | 0/1037 | 2/516 |
Mita, 201634 | +Var | 7-9.3 | 104 | Intimal thickness | 65 | 58 | 0 | 25 | 8.6 | 7.3 | 0 | 0/161 | 0/161 |
Linagliptin |
Gomis, 201135 | ±Met | 7.5-10 (11) | 24 | A1C | 55 | 54 | 67 | 29 | n/r | 8.6 | 0 | 0/259 | 0/130 |
Haak, 2012,36 201337 | ±Met | 7.5-10 (11) | 24 | A1C | 55 | 54 | 67 | 29 | 2.5 | 8.7 | 0 | 2/428 | 0/363 |
Owens, 201138 | +Met and Sulf | 7-10 | 24 | A1C | 58 | 47 | 47 | 28 | > 5 | 8.1 | 0 | 0/792 | 0/263 |
Taskinen, 201139 | +Met | 7-10 | 24 | A1C | 57 | 54 | 76 | 30 | 5 | 8.1 | 0 | 0/523 | 0/177 |
Thrasher 201440,41 | - | 7.5-11 | 24 | A1C | 54 | 54 | 0 (Black) | 33 | 5-6 | 8.7 | 0 | 0/106 | 0/120 |
Barnett, 201342 | - | ≥ 7 (age ≥ 70) | 24 | A1C | 75 | 68 | 97 | 30 | 10-12 | 7.8 | 21 | 0/162 | 0/79 |
Bajaj, 201443 | +Met and Pio | 7.5-10 | 24 | A1C | 54 | 49 | 27 | 28 | 1-2 | 8.4 | 0 | 0/183 | 0/89 |
Del Prato, 201144 | - | 7-10 | 24 | A1C | 56 | 48 | 54 | 29 | n/r | 8 | 0 | 0/336 | 0/167 |
McGill, 201345 | - | 7-10 (CRI) | 52 | A1C | 64 | 60 | 74 | 32 | > 5 | 8.2 | 82 | 2/68 | 1/65 |
Yki-Jarvinen, 201346 | - | 7-10 | 52 | A1C | 60 | 52 | 80 | 31 | > 5 | 8.3 | 100 | 3/631 | 2/630 |
ClinicalTrials.gov47 | +Pio | 7-10.5 | 84 | A1C | 57 | 53 | n/r | n/r | n/r | 8.1 | 0 | 0/392 | 1/409 |
Chen, 201548 | - | 7-10 | 24 | A1C | 54 | 59 | 0 (Asian) | 25 | n/r | 8.0 | 0 | 0/200 | 0/99 |
ClinicalTrials.gov49 | +Met | 7-10 | 24 | A1C | 56 | 50 | 0 (Asian) | 26 | n/r | 8.0 | 0 | 0/205 | 0/100 |
DeFronzo, 201550/ Lewin, 201551 | ±Met | 7-10.5 | 24 | A1C | 55 | 54 | 74 | 31 | ~5 | 8.0 | 0 | 0/545 | 0/551 |
ClinicalTrials.gov52 | +Met | 7.5-11 | 24 | A1C | 51 | 62 | n/r | n/r | n/r | n/r | n/r | 0/294 | 0/289 |
Wu, 201553 | - | 7-10 | 24 | A1C | 52 | 59 | 0 (Chinese) | 24 | 0 | 8.0 | 0 | 0/33 | 0/22 |
ClinicalTrials.gov54 | +Empa and Met | 7-10.5 | 24 | A1C | 57 | 57 | n/r | n/r | n/r | n/r | n/r | 0/238 | 0/240 |
Saxagliptin |
Pfützner, 201155/Jadzinsky, 200956 | +Met | 8-12 | 76 | A1C | 52 | 49 | 76 | 30 | 1.7 | 9.4 | 0 | 1/643 | 2/328 |
Barnett, 201357 | +Ins ±Met | 7.5-11 | 52 | A1C | 57 | 41 | 78 | 32 | 12 | 8.7 | 100 | 2/304 | 0/151 |
Chacra, 201158 | +Sulf | 7.5-10 | 76 | A1C | 55 | 45 | 59 | 29 | 7 | 8.4 | 0 | 1/501 | 0/267 |
DeFronzo, 200959/Rosentock, 201360 | +Met | 7-10 | 24 (208 for mort) | A1C | 55 | 51 | 82 | 31 | 6.5 | 8.0 | 0 | 3/564 | 2/179 |
Frederich, 201261 | - | 7-10 | 24 | A1C | 55 | 46 | 70 | 31 | 1.7 | 8.0 | 0 | 0/291 | 0/74 |
Hollander, 201162 | +TZD | 7-10.5 | 76 | A1C | 54 | 50 | 55 | 30 | 5.2 | 8.3 | 0 | 0/381 | 1/184 |
Nowicki, 201163 | +var | 7-11 (CRI) | 52 | A1C | 67 | 43 | 100 | 31 | 16.6 | 8.3 | 75 | 1/85 | 2/85 |
Pan, 201264 | - | 7-10 | 24 | A1C | 51 | 55 | 0 (Asian) | 26 | 1 | 8.1 | 0 | 0/284 | 0/284 |
Rosenstock, 200965/Rosenstock, 201360 | - | 7-10 | 24 (208 for mort) | A1C | 53 | 51 | 85 | 32 | 2.6 | 7.9 | 0 | 1/306 | 0/95 |
Moses, 201466 | +Met and Sulf | 7-10 | 24 | A1C | 57 | 60 | 45 | 29 | n/r | 8.3 | 0 | 0/129 | 0/128 |
Rosenstock, 201567 | +Met and dap | 8-12 | 24 | A1C | 54 | 49 | 70 | 32 | 7.3 | 8.9 | 0 | 0/179 | 0/179 |
Matthaei, 201568 | +Met and dap | 8-11.5 | 24 | A1C | 55 | 47 | 88 | 31 | 7.7 | 7.9 | 0 | 1/ 53 | 2/ 62 |
Sitagliptin |
Charbonnel, 200669 | +Met | 7-10 | 24 | A1C | 55 | 57 | 64 | 31 | 4.6 | 8.0 | 0 | 1/464 | 0/237 |
Hermansen, 200770 | +Sulf ±Met | 7.5-10.5 | 24 | A1C | 56 | 53 | 63 | 31 | 8.8 | 8.3 | 0 | 1/222 | 0/219 |
Henry, 201471 | +Pio | 7.5-11 | 54 | A1C | 52 | 56 | 67 | 31 | 3.9 | 8.9 | 0 | 2/691 | 0/693 |
Raz, 200872 | +Met | 8-11 | 30 | A1C | 55 | 46 | 44 | 30 | 7.9 | 9.2 | 0 | 0/96 | 0/94 |
Vilsbøll, 201173 | +Ins ±Met | 7.5-11 | 24 | A1C | 58 | 51 | 70 | 31 | 12 | 8.7 | 100 | 0/322 | 2/319 |
Williams-Herman, 201074/ Goldstein, 200775 | ±Met | 7.5-11 | 104 | A1C | 53 | 49 | 52 | 32 | 4.5 | 8.8 | 0 | 1/372 | 0/364 |
Yoon, 2012,76 201177 | +Pio | 8-12 | 54 | A1C | 51 | 54 | 52 | 30 | 2.3 | 9.5 | 0 | 0/261 | 0/259 |
ClinicalTrials.gov78 | - | 7-10 | 24 | A1C | 49 | 56 | 0 (India) | n/r | n/r | n/r | 0 | 0/107 | 0/106 |
Yang, 201179 | +Met | 7-10 | 24 | A1C | 54 | 48 | 0 (Asian) | 26 | 5.1 | 7.8 | 0 | 0/283 | 0/287 |
ClinicalTrials.gov80 | +Met | 6.5-11 | 24 | A1C | 55 | 26 | n/r | 29 | 8.4 | 8.5 | 0 | 0/36 | 0/9 |
Barzilai, 201181 | - | 7-10 (age ≥ 65) | 24 | A1C | 72 | 47 | 79 | 31 | 7.1 | 7.8 | 0 | 0/102 | 0/104 |
Yang, 201282 | +Met | 7.5-11 | 24 | A1C | 55 | 51 | 0 (Chi-nese) | 25 | 6.9 | 8.5 | 0 | 0/197 | 0/198 |
Rosenstock, 200683 | +Pio | 7-10 | 24 | A1C | 56 | 56 | 73 | 31 | 6.1 | 8.0 | 0 | 0/175 | 0/178 |
Aschner, 200684 | - | 7-10 | 24 | A1C | 54 | 52 | 51 | 30 | 4.4 | 8.0 | 0 | 0/488 | 0/253 |
Fonseca, 201385 | +Met +Pio | 7.5-11 | 26 | A1C | 56 | 62 | 50 | 30 | 9.8 | 8.7 | 0 | 0/157 | 0/156 |
Olansky, 201186 | +Met | ≥ 7.5 | 44 | A1C | 50 | 57 | 80 | 33 | 3.4 | 9.9 | 0 | 1/625 | 0/621 |
ClinicalTrials.gov87 | +Met | 6/6.5-9 | 44 | β-cell function | 61 | 67 | 62 | 33 | 3.0 | 6.1 | 0 | 0/10 | 0/11 |
Dobs, 201388 | +Met and Rosi | 7.5-11 | 54 | A1C | 55 | 58 | 51 | 30 | 9.3 | 8.8 | 0 | 0/170 | 0/92 |
Moses, 201689 | +Met and Sulf | 7.5-10.5 | 24 | A1C | 55 | 46 | n/r | n/r | n/r | 8.4 | 0 | 0/210 | 0/212 |
Lavalle-González, 201390 | - | 7-10.5 | 26 | A1C | 55 | 48 | 72 | 32 | 6.8 | 7.9 | 0 | 1/366 | 0/183 |
Mathieu, 201591 | +Glar ±Met | 7.5-11 | 24 | A1C | 59 | 48 | 70 | 32 | 13.5 | 8.7 | 100 | 0/329 | 0/329 |
Roden, 201392 | - | 7-10 | 76 | A1C | 55 | 59 | 34 | 28 | < 5 | 7.9 | 0 | 1/223 | 0/223 |
ClinicalTrials.gov93 | +Acar | n/r | 24 | A1C | 57 | 51 | n/r | n/r | n/r | 8.1 | 0 | 0/191 | 0/189 |
Skrivanek, 201494 | +Met | 7-9.5 | 26 | A1C | 54 | 49 | 51 | 31 | 7 | 8.1 | 0 | 0/355 | 0/177 |
ClinicalTrials.gov95 | +Met | n/r | 156 | A1C | 55 | 47 | 72 | n/r | n/r | n/r | n/r | 1/302 | 0/101 |
Ji, 201696 | ±Met | 7(0.5)-10(11) | 24 | A1C | 53 | 61 | 0 (Chi-nese) | n/r | n/r | 8.7 | 0 | 0/367 | 0/376 |
ClinicalTrials.gov97 | +Met and Ins | 7-10 | 24 | A1C | 56 | 52 | 49 | 29 | 9.1 | 8.4 | 100 | 0/383 | 0/192 |
ClinicalTrials.gov98 | +Sulf ±Met | 7.5-11 | 24 | A1C | 57 | 50 | n/r | n/r | n/r | 8.6 | 0 | 0/248 | 0/249 |
ClinicalTrials.gov99 | +Ins ±Met | 7.5-11 | 24 | A1C | 58 | 53 | 0 (Chi-nese) | n/r | n/r | n/r | 100 | 0/234 | 0/233 |
ClinicalTrials.gov100 | +Met | 7.1-11 | 28 | A1C | 54 | 56 | 81 | 32 | 8.2 | 8.5 | 0 | 0/122 | 0/61 |
Ishikawa, 2014101 | - | < 6.5 | 52 | Carotid artery intima thickness | 71 | 85 | 0 (Jap-anese) | 25 | n/r | 5.6 | 0 | 0/37 | 0/39 |
Derosa, 2012102-104 | +Met | > 8.0 | 52 | A1C | 55 | 48 | 100 | 29 | 0.5 | 8.1 | 0 | 0/91 | 0/87 |
Derosa, 2014105 | +Var | > 7.0 | 104 | A1C | n/r | 49 | 100 | 29 | n/r | 8.1 | 0 | 0/102 | 0/103 |
Chien, 2011106 | +Var | ≥ 7.0 | 24 | A1C | 73 | 58 | 0 (Chi-nese) | 26 | 13.6 | 9.7 | 0 | 0/49 | 0/48 |
Weinstock, 2015107 | +Met | 7/8-9.5 | 26 | A1C | 54 | 49 | 51 | 31 | 7.0 | 8.1 | 0 | 0/315 | 0/177 |
Mita, 2016108 | +Var | ≥ 6.6 | 104 | Intimal thickness | 64 | 60 | 0 (Jap-anese) | 25 | 17.3 | 8.1 | 100 | 0/137 | 0/137 |
ClinicalTrials.gov109 | - | n/r | 24 | A1C | 60 | 69 | 0 (Jap-anese) | n/r | n/r | n/r | 0 | 0/164* | 0/82 |
Vildagliptin |
Bosi, 2007110 | +Met | 7.5-11 | 24 | A1C | 54 | 57 | 74 | 33 | 6.3 | 8.4 | 0 | 0/360 | 0/181 |
Bosi, 2009111 | +Met | 7.5-11 | 24 | A1C | 53 | 58 | 73 | 31 | 4.1 | 8.7 | 0 | 0/292 | 0/292 |
Fonseca, 2007112 | +Ins | 7.5-11 | 24 | A1C | 59 | 51 | 71 | 33 | 14.7 | 8.4 | 100 | 0/144 | 0/152 |
VIVIDD, 2014113 | - | 6.5-10 (LVEF < 40) | 52 | LVEF | 63 | 77 | n/r | 29 | n/r | 7.8 | 34 | 13/128 | 10/125 |
Scherbaum, 2008114,115 | - | 6.2-7.5 | 104 | A1C | 63 | 59 | 99 | 30 | 2.6 | 6.7 | 0 | 0/156 | 0/150 |
Strain, 2013116 | - | 7-10 (age > 70) | 24 | A1C | 75 | 45 | 97 | 30 | 11.4 | 7.9 | 0 | 1/139 | 1/139 |
Vollmer, 2009117 | +Met | 6.5-8 | 24 | A1C | 61 | 46 | 96 | n/r | n/r | 7.2 | 0 | 0/274 | 0/131 |
Garber, 2007118 | +Pio | 7.5-11 | 24 | A1C | 54 | 43 | 69 | 32 | 4.7 | 8.7 | 0 | 1/305 | 1/158 |
Garber, 2008119 | +Sulf | 7.5-11 | 24 | A1C | 58 | 59 | 69 | 31 | 7.1 | 8.5 | 0 | 0/339 | 0/176 |
Yang, 2015120 | +Sulf | 7.5-11 | 24 | A1C | 59 | 57 | 0 (Chi-nese) | 25 | 6.9 | 8.7 | 0 | 0/143 | 0/136 |
Foley, 2011121/Bunck, 2012122 | - | ≤ 7.5 | 52 | β-cell function | 57 | 59 | 93 | 30 | 1.0 | 6.0 | 0 | 0/29 | 0/30 |
Pan, 2012123 | +Met | 7-10 | 24 | A1C | 54 | 47 | 0 (Chi-nese) | 25 | 5 | 8.1 | 0 | 0/294 | 0/144 |
Lukashevich, 2014124 | +Met ±Sulf | 7.5(8.5)-11 | 24 | A1C | 55 | 48 | 23 | 28 | 7.3 | 8.8 | 0 | 0/157 | 0/160 |
Macauley, 2015125 | +Met | ≤ 7.6 | 26 | Liver TG + Ins Sens | 61 | 64 | n/r | 30 | 1.0 | 6.0 | 0 | 0/20 | 0/19 |
Ahren, 2004,126 2005127 | +Met | 7-9.5 | 52 | A1C | 57 | 37 | 99 | 30 | 5.6 | 7.7 | 0 | 0/56 | 0/51 |
Goodman, 2009128 | +Met | 7.5-11 | 24 | A1C | 55 | 58 | 66 | 32 | n/r | 8.6 | 0 | 0/248 | 0/122 |
Ito, 2011129 | - | > 7.0 (ESRD) | 24 | A1C | 67 | 69 | 0 (Jap-anese) | 23 | n/r | 6.7 | 0 | 0/30 | 0/21 |
Derosa, 2012130-132 | +Met | 8.1-10.9 | 52 | A1C+ β-cell func-tion | 53 | 51 | 100 | 28 | 0.5 | 8.2 | 0 | 0/84 | 0/83 |
Zografou, 2015133 | +Met | 7-9 | 26 | Arter. stiffness | 54 | 59 | n/r | 32 | n/r | 8.1 | 0 | 0/32 | 0/32 |
Gemigliptin |
Yang, 2013134 | - | 7-11 | 24 | A1C | 53 | 58 | 0 (Ind/Korean) | 26 | 3 | 8.3 | 0 | 0/87 | 0/87 |
Teneligliptin |
ClinicalTrials.gov135 | +Met | 7-10 | 24 | A1C | 58 | 56 | | | | | 0 | 0/359 | 0/88 |
Anagliptin |
Yang, 2015136 | - | 6.5-10 | 24 | A1C | 56 | 54 | 0 (Korean) | 25 | 3.6 | 7.1 | 0 | 0/68 | 1/40 |