Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1
Cox survival curve for all stroke and death, with anticoagulation as a static covariate.
Tables
Characteristic All patients
(n = 10 745)Primary prevention
(n = 9568)Secondary prevention
(n = 1177)Underwent anticoagulation therapy Did not undergo therapy Underwent anticoagulation therapy Did not undergo therapy Underwent anticoagulation therapy Did not undergo therapy Participants, no. (%) 7358 (68.5) 3387 (31.5) 6497 (67.9) 3071 (32.1) 861 (73.2) 316 (26.8) Age, yr, median (IQR) 74 (17) 70 (27) 74 (18) 68 (27) 78 (14) 83 (15) Male sex, no. (%) 4149 (56.4) 1785 (52.7) 3710 (57.1) 1638 (53.3) 439 (51.0) 147 (46.5) Hypertension, no. (%) 3461 (47.0) 1333 (39.4) 2991 (46.0) 1168 (38.0) 470 (54.6) 165 (52.2) Diabetes, no. (%) 1833 (24.9) 645 (19.0) 1585 (24.4) 546 (17.8) 248 (28.8) 99 (31.3) Ischemic stroke and/or transient ischemic attack, no. (%) 843 (11.5) 301 (8.9) 0 0 843 (97.9) 301 (95.3) Ischemic stroke, no. (%) 561 (7.6) 186 (5.5) 0 0 561 (65.2) 186 (58.9) Hemorrhagic stroke, no. (%) 34 (0.5) 25 (0.7) 0 0 34 (3.9) 25 (7.9) CHADS 2 score, no. (%) 0 1553 (21.1) 1140 (33.7) 1551 (23.9) 1138 (37.1) 2 (0.2) 2 (0.6) 1 2550 (34.7) 1089 (32.2) 2544 (39.2) 1082 (35.2) 6 (0.7) 7 (2.2) 2 2029 (27.6) 709 (20.9) 1935 (29.8) 672 (21.9) 94 (10.9) 37 (11.7) 3 795 (10.8) 266 (7.9) 445 (6.8) 168 (5.5) 350 (40.7) 98 (31.0) 4 354 (4.8) 153 (4.5) 22 (0.3) 11 (0.4) 332 (38.6) 142 (44.9) 5 76 (1.0) 27 (0.8) 0 0 76 (8.8) 27 (8.5) 6 1 (0) 3 (0) 0 0 1 (0) 3 (0.9) Note: CHADS2 = congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 yr, diabetes mellitus and prior stroke or transient ischemic attack, IQR = interquartile range.
Subgroup; outcome Underwent anticoagulation therapy Did not undergo anticoagulation therapy HR (95% CI)† Events, no. Event rate (95% CI)* Events, no. Event rate (95% CI)* All patients (n = 10 745) All stroke and death 1492 73.7 (70.0-77.7) 1605 112.6 (107.0-118.3) 0.70 (0.62-0.72) Ischemic stroke 237 11.8 (10.3-13.5) 263 18.0 (15.8-20.4) 0.69 (0.58-0.82) Hemorrhagic stroke 56 2.8 (2.1-3.7) 22 1.5 (1.0-2.4) 1.92 (1.17-3.16) All stroke 279 14.0 (12.3-15.8) 276 19.0 (16.8-21.5) 0.77 (0.65-0.91) Death 1338 63.8 (60.4-67.4) 1478 102.0 (96.8-107.4) 0.67 (0.62-0.72) Primary prevention cohort (n = 9568) All stroke and death 1265 70.6 (66.7-74.7) 1361 103.7 (98.2-109.5) 0.70 (0.65-0.76) Ischemic stroke 171 9.7 (8.3-11.4) 216 15.9 (13.8-18.3) 0.62 (0.51-0.76) Hemorrhagic stroke 41 2.3 (1.7-3.3) 19 1.4 (0.9-2.3) 1.71 (0.98-2.96) All stroke 203 11.7 (10.1-13.5) 227 16.9 (14.7-19.3) 0.71 (0.58-0.85) Death 1149 61.9 (58.3-65.7) 1248 94.2 (89.0-99.7) 0.68 (0.63-0.74) Secondary prevention (n = 1177) All stroke and death 227 103.9 (90.7-120.1) 244 190.7 (167.2-217.8) 0.55 (0.46-0.66) Ischemic stroke 66 31.0 (23.9-41.5) 47 37.1 (27.0-50.9) 0.89 (0.61-1.30) Hemorrhagic stroke 15 6.4 (3.6-13.2) 3 2.2 (0.42-8.9) 2.96 (0.86-10.25) All stroke 76 35.5 (27.9-46.4) 49 38.6 (28.4-52.7) 0.97 (0.67-1.39) Death 189 81.5 (70.3-95.7) 230 168.2 (146.9-192.8) 0.49 (0.40-0.59) Note: CI = confidence interval, HR = hazard ratio.
*Adjusted event rate per 1000 person-years.
†Adjusted for sex and CHADS2 (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 yr, diabetes mellitus and prior stroke or transient ischemic attack) score.
- Table 3: Inpatient cohort (n = 3598) with Elixhauser Comorbidity Index adjustment using anticoagulation as a time-dependent covariate
Outcome HR (95% CI)* All stroke and death 0.61 (0.55-0.67) Ischemic stroke 0.84 (0.64-1.11) Hemorrhagic stroke 2.18 (0.97-4.89) All stroke 0.95 (0.73-1.23) Death 0.57 (0.52-0.64) Note: CI = confidence interval, HR = hazard ratio.*Adjusted for sex and CHADS2 (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 yr, diabetes mellitus and prior stroke or transient ischemic attack) score.
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