Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1
Selection of randomized controlled trials for inclusion in the analysis. RCT = randomized controlled trial.
- Figure 2
Appraisal of risk of bias of the included trials using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool.16
- Figure 3
Pooled analysis of the effect of postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis versus placebo or no treatment for the prevention of surgical-site infections in patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty reported in randomized controlled trials. A risk difference of less than zero indicates a positive effect of postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis. CI = confidence interval.
Tables
- Table 1: Characteristics of randomized controlled trials included in the meta-analysisof postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent surgical-site infections following primary total joint arthroplasty
Study Country No. of patients/ total joints Mean follow-up, yr Mean age, yr % male Intervention group Control group Heydemann et al.,20 1986 United States 211/211 1 Age range: 23-88(mean NR) NR Eight 1-g IV boluses of nafcillin or cefazolin every 6 h until 48 h postoperatively (n = 108) No postoperative treatment (n = 103) Kanellakopoulou et al.,21 2009 Greece 616/616 2 69 23 For all 3 study centres, antibiotic prophylaxis continued postoperatively for 4-6 d (antibiotic, dose, frequency and duration of physician's choosing; specifics NR) (n = 338) No postoperative treatment (n = 278) Ritter et al.,22 1989 United States 196/196 1 66 37 Three 0.75-g IV boluses of cefuroxime every 8 h postoperatively for 24 h (n = 98) No postoperative treatment (n = 98) Wymenga et al.,23 1991 Netherlands 2892/3013 1 69 21 0.75-g IV cefuroxime 8 h and 16 h postoperatively (n = 1511 joints) No postoperative treatment (n = 1502 joints) Note: IV = intravenous, NR = not reported.
- Table 2: Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) summary of findings
Outcome No. of participants (studies); length of follow-up Quality of evidence (GRADE) Anticipated effects Incidence of surgical-site infections 4036 (4 trials); follow-up ≤ 2 yr Very low (owing to risk of bias, imprecision and inconsistency) The pooled absolute risk difference for surgical-site infections between postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis and placebo or no treatment was 0.01 (95% CI 0.00 to 0.02) Note: CI = confidence interval.
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Postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in total hip and knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
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