Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1:
Distribution of more than 9000 primary care practices across the United States contributing data from electronic medical records for 11 540 454 patients to the GE Centricity database as of Sept. 1, 2009.
- Figure 2:
Identification of patients with undiagnosed diabetes based on biochemical data in electronic medical records. *As of Sept. 1, 2009. †Random blood glucose level ≥ 11.1 mmol/L or fasting blood glucose level ≥ 7.0 mmol/L. ‡Patients with ≥ 2 abnormal glucose levels on record or ≥ 1 abnormal glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value on record.
- Figure 3:
Distribution of patients with undiagnosed diabetes in the total diabetes population (diagnosed and undiagnosed, n = 1 174 018) in “zip-3” areas (areas defined by the first 3 digits of the zip codes for group practices).
- Figure 4:
Proportion of patients with diabetes whose electronic medical record indicated achievement of clinical quality-of-care indicators, by US region. *Among patients without proteinuria. †Among patients with proteinuria or microalbuminuria (proteinuria defined as albumin [or protein] > 150 mg in a 24-hour collection or > 20 mg/dL protein or > 23 mg albumin in a urine sample). ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme, BMI = body mass index, HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin.
Tables
- Table 1: Number of visits in the Centricity database (current study) and the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) database (taken from Crawford et al.8), by sex and age group
Sex; age, yr No. of visits per 100 person-years NAMCS database
n = 963 617Centricity database
n = 6 202Female 376.8 483.3 < 15 245.7 380.3 15–24 220.0 392.9 25–44 313.0 401.1 45–64 446.9 426.3 65–74 671.3 519.5 ≥ 75 784.6 569.5 Male 283.1 403.1 < 15 282.9 386.0 15–24 125.1 279.1 25–44 177.5 343.8 45–64 332.7 396.3 65–74 618.6 481.0 ≥ 75 741.4 543.2 - Table 2: Proportion of patients with diabetes in the United States and England whose electronic medical records indicated achievement of selected quality-of-care indicators within the 15 months before the last visit on record
Quality-of-care indicator % of patients* United States England†
n = NATotal
n = 622 260Coded diagnosis only
n = 56 492Medication use only
n = 228 926Coded diagnosis and medication use
n = 336 842Record of BMI 57.3 54.2 49.2 63.4 94.7 Record of HbA1c 59.2 49.8 40.4 73.5 97.2 Last HbA1c ≤ 7% 33.8 45.9 23.8 38.6 53.8 Last HbA1c ≤ 8% 46.4 48.8 32.4 55.5 77.4 Last HbA1c ≤ 9% 52.3 49.3 36.1 63.7 88.0 Record of the presence or absence of peripheral pulses NR NR NR NR 91.1 Record of neuropathy testing NR NR NR NR 90.8 Record of retinal screening NR NR NR NR 90.9 Record of blood pressure 88.0 86.7 81.5 92.7 98.3 Last blood pressure ≤ 145/85 mm Hg 67.6 66.9 62.1 71.4 80.6 Record of microalbuminuria testing (among patients without proteinuria) 33.4 24.5 21.4 43.0 88.5 Record of treatment with ACE inhibitor or angiotensin-receptor blocker (among patients with proteinuria‡ or microalbuminuria) 85.7 57.1 95.0 85.8 80.0 Record of estimated glomerular filtration rate or serum creatinine testing 69.3 70.0 54.1 79.6 97.0 Record of total cholesterol 59.7 61.5 43.5 70.4 96.0 Last total cholesterol level ≤ 5 mmol/L 44.6 41.6 33.0 53.0 83.0 Influenza vaccination in the preceding period Sept. 1 to Mar. 31 NR NR NR NR 90.4 Note: ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme, BMI = body mass index, HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin, NA = not available, NR = not recorded. *Between-column comparisons are all significant at p < 0.01. †All patients with diagnostic code for diabetes ‡Proteinuria defined as albumin (or protein) > 150 mg in a 24-hour collection or > 20 mg/dL protein or > 23 mg albumin in a urine sample.
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