Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1:
Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging participant flow throughout baseline (2011–2015), first follow-up (2015–2018) and COVID-19 (2020) data collection. Note: CLSA = Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.
- Figure 2:
Prevalence of any challenges in accessing health care during the COVID-19 pandemic as reported by participants during the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging COVID-19 exit survey (September–December 2020), according to select sociodemographic characteristics. Note: CI = confidence interval.
- Figure 3:
Prevalence of not visiting the hospital or seeing a doctor while needing to during the COVID-19 pandemic as reported by participants during the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging COVID-19 exit survey (September–December 2020), according to select sociodemographic characteristics. Note: CI = confidence interval.
- Figure 4:
Prevalence of barriers to accessing testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic as reported by participants during the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging COVID-19 exit survey (September–December 2020), according to select sociodemographic characteristics. Note: CI = confidence interval.
- Figure 5:
Reasons for not visiting the hospital or seeing a doctor while needing to as reported by participants in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging COVID-19 exit survey (September–December 2020), stratified by age (n = 1731).
- Figure 6:
Barriers to accessing testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection as reported by participants in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging COVID-19 exit survey (September–December 2020), stratified by age (n = 914).
Tables
- Table 1:
Descriptive characteristics of CLSA participants who completed the COVID-19 exit survey (September–December 2020)
Characteristic No. (%) of participants
n = 23 972Measured at baseline (2011–2015) Sex Female 12743 (53.2) Male 11229 (46.8) Racial background White 23273 (97.2) Not white 673 (2.8) Missing 26 Immigrant status Immigrant 3789 (15.8) Nonimmigrant 20173 (84.2) Missing 10 Education < Secondary school 1101 (4.6) Secondary school 2349 (9.8) Some postsecondary 1719 (7.2) Postsecondary degree or diploma 18756 (78.4) Missing 47 Measured at first follow-up (2015–2018) Household income, $ < 20 000 861 (3.8) 20 000–49 999 4855 (21.4) 50 000–99 999 8569 (37.9) 100 000–149 999 4589 (20.3) ≥ 150 000 3758 (16.6) Missing 1340 Marital status Single, never married or never lived with a partner 2007 (8.4) Married or living with a partner 16833 (70.3) Widowed 2332 (9.7) Divorced or separated 2785 (11.6) Missing 15 Unmet needs (prepandemic) Yes 1874 (7.8) No 22060 (92.2) Missing 38 Measured at COVID-19 baseline (April–May 2020) Age, yr < 50 0 (0.0) 50–54 1097 (4.6) 55–64 7250 (30.2) 65–74 8759 (36.5) 75–84 5145 (21.5) 85–96 1721 (7.2) Region* Atlantic 4334 (18.0) Prairies 5130 (21.4) Ontario 5554 (23.2) Quebec 4336 (18.1) British Columbia 4618 (19.3) Urban or rural Rural area 4245 (17.8) Urban area 19 602 (82.2) Missing 125 Dwelling type House 18625 (77.8) Apartment or condominium 4410 (18.4) Other 907 (3.8) Missing 30 Chronic conditions Present 14 235 (59.7) Absent 9594 (40.3) Missing 143 Work status Usually work outside the home 6273 (26.6) Do not work outside the home 17 357 (73.4) Missing 342 Measured at COVID-19 exit survey (September–December 2020) Any challenges in accessing health care Yes 5992 (25.3) No 17 759 (74.7) Missing 221 Did not go to the hospital or to see a doctor even though they needed to Yes 1776 (7.5) No 21989 (92.5) Missing 207 Experienced barriers to accessing testing for COVID-19 Yes 917 (3.9) No 22828 (96.1) Missing 227 Note: CLSA = Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.
↵* Atlantic: Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick; Prairies: Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba.
- Table 2:
Logistic regression models assessing the association between sociodemographic characteristics and unmet health care needs during the COVID-19 pandemic as reported by participants during the CLSA COVID-19 exit survey (September–December 2020)
Characteristic OR (95% CI) Any challenges in accessing health care Did not go to the hospital or to see a doctor even though they needed to Experienced barriers to accessing testing for SARS-CoV-2 Sex Male Ref. Ref. Ref. Female 1.01 (0.95–1.07) 1.20 (1.09–1.32) 0.92 (0.80–1.05) Age, yr 50–55 Ref. Ref. Ref. 55–64 0.88 (0.77–1.02) 0.78 (0.63–0.97) 0.72 (0.55–0.94) 65–74 0.88 (0.77–1.02) 0.74 (0.60–0.91) 0.59 (0.45–0.77) 75–84 0.73 (0.63–0.85) 0.59 (0.47–0.74) 0.45 (0.34–0.60) 85–96 0.52 (0.43–0.62) 0.51 (0.36–0.68) 0.37 (0.25–0.55) Region Atlantic Ref. Ref. Ref. Quebec 0.48 (0.43–0.54) 1.38 (1.19–1.61) 0.80 (0.58–1.10) Ontario 1.22 (1.11–1.33) 0.97 (0.83–1.13) 3.40 (2.68–4.32) Prairies 0.73 (0.67–0.80) 0.74 (0.63–0.87) 1.92 (1.48–2.48) British Columbia 1.03 (0.94–1.13) 0.92 (0.79–1.08) 2.37 (1.84–3.06) Urban or rural Urban Ref. Ref. Ref. Rural 0.93 (0.86–1.00) 1.06 (0.93–1.20) 0.79 (0.65–0.95) Racial background White Ref. Ref. Ref. Not white 0.91 (0.76–1.10) 1.37 (1.06–1.78) 1.09 (0.74–1.60) Immigrant status Nonimmigrant Ref. Ref. Ref. Immigrant 1.18 (1.09–1.27) 1.26 (1.11–1.43) 1.15 (0.97–1.37) Household income, $ < 20 000 0.81 (0.68–0.97) 1.52 (1.18–1.97) 0.66 (0.46–0.97) 20 000–49 999 0.80 (0.73–0.89) 1.19 (1.01–1.40) 0.56 (0.45–0.69) 50 000–99 999 0.89 (0.82–0.98) 1.03 (0.89–1.20) 0.56 (0.47–0.68) 100 000–149 999 1.03 (0.93–1.13) 1.05 (0.89–1.24) 0.68 (0.56–0.83) ≥ 150 000 Ref. Ref. Ref. Education < Secondary school 0.58 (0.50–0.69) 1.02 (0.81–1.29) 0.54 (0.36–0.81) Secondary school 0.74 (0.66–0.82) 0.96 (0.81–1.14) 0.52 (0.39–0.67) Some postsecondary 1.02 (0.91–1.14) 1.09 (0.90–1.30) 0.90 (0.70–1.16) ≥ Postsecondary diploma Ref. Ref. Ref. Marital status Married or living with a partner Ref. Ref. Ref. Single, never married or never lived with a partner 1.02 (0.92–1.14) 1.16 (0.98–1.38) 1.15 (0.92–1.45) Widowed 0.76 (0.70–0.84) 1.02 (0.87–1.21) 0.72 (0.56–0.94) Divorced or separated 1.03 (0.94–1.13) 1.40 (1.21–1.61) 1.13 (0.92–1.38) Chronic conditions Absent Ref. Ref. Ref. Present 1.35 (1.27–1.43) 1.45 (1.31–1.61) 0.97 (0.85–1.11) Dwelling type House Ref. Ref. Ref. Apartment 0.90 (0.83–0.97) 1.09 (0.97–1.23) 1.01 (0.85–1.19) Other 0.74 (0.63–0.88) 1.08 (0.84–1.38) 0.59 (0.38–0.92) Work status Do not work outside the home Ref. Ref. Ref. Usually work outside the home 1.07 (1.01–1.15) 1.05 (0.94–1.17) 1.43 (1.24–1.65) Unmet needs (prepandemic) Yes 2.21 (2.00–2.44) 2.91 (2.55–3.33) 1.77 (1.45–2.16) No Ref. Ref. Ref. Note: CI = confidence interval, OR = odds ratio, Ref. = reference category.
In this issue
Article tools
Related Articles
Cited By...
- No citing articles found.