Research
Open Access
Trends and characteristics of Tdap vaccination during pregnancy in Ontario, Canada: a retrospective cohort study
Romina Fakhraei, Stephen G. Fung, William Petrcich, Natasha Crowcroft, Shelly Bolotin, Laura Gaudet, Gayatri Amirthalingam, Anne Biringer, Kumanan Wilson, Vinita Dubey, Scott A. Halperin, Frances Jamieson, Jeffrey C. Kwong, Manish Sadarangani, Jocelynn Cook, Steven Hawken, Mark C. Walker and Deshayne B. Fell
December 06, 2022 10 (4) E1017-E1026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20220058
Romina Fakhraei
Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fung, Fell); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Fakhraei, Wilson, Hawken, Walker); University of Ottawa (Fakhraei, Cook, Hawken, Walker, Fell); ICES uOttawa (Petrcich, Hawken, Fell), Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Central (Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto (Crowcroft, Bolotin, Biringer, Dubey, Jamieson, Kwong); Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Jamieson, Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Gaudet); Queen’s University (Gaudet), Kingston, Ont.; UK Health Security Agency (Amirthalingam), London, UK; Mount Sinai Hospital (Biringer), Toronto, Ont.; Bruyère Research Institute (Wilson), Ottawa, Ont.; Toronto Public Health (Dubey), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Halperin); Dalhousie University (Halperin); Nova Scotia Health (Halperin); IWK Health (Halperin), Halifax, NS; Vaccine Evaluation Center (Sadarangani), BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics (Sadarangani), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook), Ottawa, Ont.
MScStephen G. Fung
Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fung, Fell); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Fakhraei, Wilson, Hawken, Walker); University of Ottawa (Fakhraei, Cook, Hawken, Walker, Fell); ICES uOttawa (Petrcich, Hawken, Fell), Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Central (Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto (Crowcroft, Bolotin, Biringer, Dubey, Jamieson, Kwong); Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Jamieson, Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Gaudet); Queen’s University (Gaudet), Kingston, Ont.; UK Health Security Agency (Amirthalingam), London, UK; Mount Sinai Hospital (Biringer), Toronto, Ont.; Bruyère Research Institute (Wilson), Ottawa, Ont.; Toronto Public Health (Dubey), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Halperin); Dalhousie University (Halperin); Nova Scotia Health (Halperin); IWK Health (Halperin), Halifax, NS; Vaccine Evaluation Center (Sadarangani), BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics (Sadarangani), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook), Ottawa, Ont.
MPHWilliam Petrcich
Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fung, Fell); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Fakhraei, Wilson, Hawken, Walker); University of Ottawa (Fakhraei, Cook, Hawken, Walker, Fell); ICES uOttawa (Petrcich, Hawken, Fell), Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Central (Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto (Crowcroft, Bolotin, Biringer, Dubey, Jamieson, Kwong); Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Jamieson, Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Gaudet); Queen’s University (Gaudet), Kingston, Ont.; UK Health Security Agency (Amirthalingam), London, UK; Mount Sinai Hospital (Biringer), Toronto, Ont.; Bruyère Research Institute (Wilson), Ottawa, Ont.; Toronto Public Health (Dubey), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Halperin); Dalhousie University (Halperin); Nova Scotia Health (Halperin); IWK Health (Halperin), Halifax, NS; Vaccine Evaluation Center (Sadarangani), BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics (Sadarangani), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook), Ottawa, Ont.
MScNatasha Crowcroft
Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fung, Fell); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Fakhraei, Wilson, Hawken, Walker); University of Ottawa (Fakhraei, Cook, Hawken, Walker, Fell); ICES uOttawa (Petrcich, Hawken, Fell), Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Central (Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto (Crowcroft, Bolotin, Biringer, Dubey, Jamieson, Kwong); Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Jamieson, Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Gaudet); Queen’s University (Gaudet), Kingston, Ont.; UK Health Security Agency (Amirthalingam), London, UK; Mount Sinai Hospital (Biringer), Toronto, Ont.; Bruyère Research Institute (Wilson), Ottawa, Ont.; Toronto Public Health (Dubey), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Halperin); Dalhousie University (Halperin); Nova Scotia Health (Halperin); IWK Health (Halperin), Halifax, NS; Vaccine Evaluation Center (Sadarangani), BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics (Sadarangani), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook), Ottawa, Ont.
MDShelly Bolotin
Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fung, Fell); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Fakhraei, Wilson, Hawken, Walker); University of Ottawa (Fakhraei, Cook, Hawken, Walker, Fell); ICES uOttawa (Petrcich, Hawken, Fell), Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Central (Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto (Crowcroft, Bolotin, Biringer, Dubey, Jamieson, Kwong); Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Jamieson, Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Gaudet); Queen’s University (Gaudet), Kingston, Ont.; UK Health Security Agency (Amirthalingam), London, UK; Mount Sinai Hospital (Biringer), Toronto, Ont.; Bruyère Research Institute (Wilson), Ottawa, Ont.; Toronto Public Health (Dubey), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Halperin); Dalhousie University (Halperin); Nova Scotia Health (Halperin); IWK Health (Halperin), Halifax, NS; Vaccine Evaluation Center (Sadarangani), BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics (Sadarangani), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook), Ottawa, Ont.
PhDLaura Gaudet
Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fung, Fell); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Fakhraei, Wilson, Hawken, Walker); University of Ottawa (Fakhraei, Cook, Hawken, Walker, Fell); ICES uOttawa (Petrcich, Hawken, Fell), Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Central (Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto (Crowcroft, Bolotin, Biringer, Dubey, Jamieson, Kwong); Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Jamieson, Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Gaudet); Queen’s University (Gaudet), Kingston, Ont.; UK Health Security Agency (Amirthalingam), London, UK; Mount Sinai Hospital (Biringer), Toronto, Ont.; Bruyère Research Institute (Wilson), Ottawa, Ont.; Toronto Public Health (Dubey), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Halperin); Dalhousie University (Halperin); Nova Scotia Health (Halperin); IWK Health (Halperin), Halifax, NS; Vaccine Evaluation Center (Sadarangani), BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics (Sadarangani), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook), Ottawa, Ont.
MDGayatri Amirthalingam
Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fung, Fell); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Fakhraei, Wilson, Hawken, Walker); University of Ottawa (Fakhraei, Cook, Hawken, Walker, Fell); ICES uOttawa (Petrcich, Hawken, Fell), Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Central (Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto (Crowcroft, Bolotin, Biringer, Dubey, Jamieson, Kwong); Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Jamieson, Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Gaudet); Queen’s University (Gaudet), Kingston, Ont.; UK Health Security Agency (Amirthalingam), London, UK; Mount Sinai Hospital (Biringer), Toronto, Ont.; Bruyère Research Institute (Wilson), Ottawa, Ont.; Toronto Public Health (Dubey), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Halperin); Dalhousie University (Halperin); Nova Scotia Health (Halperin); IWK Health (Halperin), Halifax, NS; Vaccine Evaluation Center (Sadarangani), BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics (Sadarangani), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook), Ottawa, Ont.
MDAnne Biringer
Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fung, Fell); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Fakhraei, Wilson, Hawken, Walker); University of Ottawa (Fakhraei, Cook, Hawken, Walker, Fell); ICES uOttawa (Petrcich, Hawken, Fell), Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Central (Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto (Crowcroft, Bolotin, Biringer, Dubey, Jamieson, Kwong); Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Jamieson, Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Gaudet); Queen’s University (Gaudet), Kingston, Ont.; UK Health Security Agency (Amirthalingam), London, UK; Mount Sinai Hospital (Biringer), Toronto, Ont.; Bruyère Research Institute (Wilson), Ottawa, Ont.; Toronto Public Health (Dubey), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Halperin); Dalhousie University (Halperin); Nova Scotia Health (Halperin); IWK Health (Halperin), Halifax, NS; Vaccine Evaluation Center (Sadarangani), BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics (Sadarangani), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook), Ottawa, Ont.
MDKumanan Wilson
Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fung, Fell); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Fakhraei, Wilson, Hawken, Walker); University of Ottawa (Fakhraei, Cook, Hawken, Walker, Fell); ICES uOttawa (Petrcich, Hawken, Fell), Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Central (Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto (Crowcroft, Bolotin, Biringer, Dubey, Jamieson, Kwong); Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Jamieson, Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Gaudet); Queen’s University (Gaudet), Kingston, Ont.; UK Health Security Agency (Amirthalingam), London, UK; Mount Sinai Hospital (Biringer), Toronto, Ont.; Bruyère Research Institute (Wilson), Ottawa, Ont.; Toronto Public Health (Dubey), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Halperin); Dalhousie University (Halperin); Nova Scotia Health (Halperin); IWK Health (Halperin), Halifax, NS; Vaccine Evaluation Center (Sadarangani), BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics (Sadarangani), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook), Ottawa, Ont.
MDVinita Dubey
Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fung, Fell); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Fakhraei, Wilson, Hawken, Walker); University of Ottawa (Fakhraei, Cook, Hawken, Walker, Fell); ICES uOttawa (Petrcich, Hawken, Fell), Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Central (Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto (Crowcroft, Bolotin, Biringer, Dubey, Jamieson, Kwong); Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Jamieson, Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Gaudet); Queen’s University (Gaudet), Kingston, Ont.; UK Health Security Agency (Amirthalingam), London, UK; Mount Sinai Hospital (Biringer), Toronto, Ont.; Bruyère Research Institute (Wilson), Ottawa, Ont.; Toronto Public Health (Dubey), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Halperin); Dalhousie University (Halperin); Nova Scotia Health (Halperin); IWK Health (Halperin), Halifax, NS; Vaccine Evaluation Center (Sadarangani), BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics (Sadarangani), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook), Ottawa, Ont.
MDScott A. Halperin
Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fung, Fell); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Fakhraei, Wilson, Hawken, Walker); University of Ottawa (Fakhraei, Cook, Hawken, Walker, Fell); ICES uOttawa (Petrcich, Hawken, Fell), Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Central (Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto (Crowcroft, Bolotin, Biringer, Dubey, Jamieson, Kwong); Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Jamieson, Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Gaudet); Queen’s University (Gaudet), Kingston, Ont.; UK Health Security Agency (Amirthalingam), London, UK; Mount Sinai Hospital (Biringer), Toronto, Ont.; Bruyère Research Institute (Wilson), Ottawa, Ont.; Toronto Public Health (Dubey), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Halperin); Dalhousie University (Halperin); Nova Scotia Health (Halperin); IWK Health (Halperin), Halifax, NS; Vaccine Evaluation Center (Sadarangani), BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics (Sadarangani), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook), Ottawa, Ont.
MDFrances Jamieson
Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fung, Fell); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Fakhraei, Wilson, Hawken, Walker); University of Ottawa (Fakhraei, Cook, Hawken, Walker, Fell); ICES uOttawa (Petrcich, Hawken, Fell), Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Central (Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto (Crowcroft, Bolotin, Biringer, Dubey, Jamieson, Kwong); Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Jamieson, Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Gaudet); Queen’s University (Gaudet), Kingston, Ont.; UK Health Security Agency (Amirthalingam), London, UK; Mount Sinai Hospital (Biringer), Toronto, Ont.; Bruyère Research Institute (Wilson), Ottawa, Ont.; Toronto Public Health (Dubey), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Halperin); Dalhousie University (Halperin); Nova Scotia Health (Halperin); IWK Health (Halperin), Halifax, NS; Vaccine Evaluation Center (Sadarangani), BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics (Sadarangani), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook), Ottawa, Ont.
MDJeffrey C. Kwong
Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fung, Fell); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Fakhraei, Wilson, Hawken, Walker); University of Ottawa (Fakhraei, Cook, Hawken, Walker, Fell); ICES uOttawa (Petrcich, Hawken, Fell), Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Central (Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto (Crowcroft, Bolotin, Biringer, Dubey, Jamieson, Kwong); Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Jamieson, Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Gaudet); Queen’s University (Gaudet), Kingston, Ont.; UK Health Security Agency (Amirthalingam), London, UK; Mount Sinai Hospital (Biringer), Toronto, Ont.; Bruyère Research Institute (Wilson), Ottawa, Ont.; Toronto Public Health (Dubey), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Halperin); Dalhousie University (Halperin); Nova Scotia Health (Halperin); IWK Health (Halperin), Halifax, NS; Vaccine Evaluation Center (Sadarangani), BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics (Sadarangani), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook), Ottawa, Ont.
MDManish Sadarangani
Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fung, Fell); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Fakhraei, Wilson, Hawken, Walker); University of Ottawa (Fakhraei, Cook, Hawken, Walker, Fell); ICES uOttawa (Petrcich, Hawken, Fell), Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Central (Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto (Crowcroft, Bolotin, Biringer, Dubey, Jamieson, Kwong); Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Jamieson, Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Gaudet); Queen’s University (Gaudet), Kingston, Ont.; UK Health Security Agency (Amirthalingam), London, UK; Mount Sinai Hospital (Biringer), Toronto, Ont.; Bruyère Research Institute (Wilson), Ottawa, Ont.; Toronto Public Health (Dubey), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Halperin); Dalhousie University (Halperin); Nova Scotia Health (Halperin); IWK Health (Halperin), Halifax, NS; Vaccine Evaluation Center (Sadarangani), BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics (Sadarangani), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook), Ottawa, Ont.
DPhilJocelynn Cook
Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fung, Fell); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Fakhraei, Wilson, Hawken, Walker); University of Ottawa (Fakhraei, Cook, Hawken, Walker, Fell); ICES uOttawa (Petrcich, Hawken, Fell), Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Central (Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto (Crowcroft, Bolotin, Biringer, Dubey, Jamieson, Kwong); Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Jamieson, Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Gaudet); Queen’s University (Gaudet), Kingston, Ont.; UK Health Security Agency (Amirthalingam), London, UK; Mount Sinai Hospital (Biringer), Toronto, Ont.; Bruyère Research Institute (Wilson), Ottawa, Ont.; Toronto Public Health (Dubey), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Halperin); Dalhousie University (Halperin); Nova Scotia Health (Halperin); IWK Health (Halperin), Halifax, NS; Vaccine Evaluation Center (Sadarangani), BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics (Sadarangani), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook), Ottawa, Ont.
PhDSteven Hawken
Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fung, Fell); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Fakhraei, Wilson, Hawken, Walker); University of Ottawa (Fakhraei, Cook, Hawken, Walker, Fell); ICES uOttawa (Petrcich, Hawken, Fell), Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Central (Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto (Crowcroft, Bolotin, Biringer, Dubey, Jamieson, Kwong); Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Jamieson, Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Gaudet); Queen’s University (Gaudet), Kingston, Ont.; UK Health Security Agency (Amirthalingam), London, UK; Mount Sinai Hospital (Biringer), Toronto, Ont.; Bruyère Research Institute (Wilson), Ottawa, Ont.; Toronto Public Health (Dubey), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Halperin); Dalhousie University (Halperin); Nova Scotia Health (Halperin); IWK Health (Halperin), Halifax, NS; Vaccine Evaluation Center (Sadarangani), BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics (Sadarangani), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook), Ottawa, Ont.
PhDMark C. Walker
Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fung, Fell); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Fakhraei, Wilson, Hawken, Walker); University of Ottawa (Fakhraei, Cook, Hawken, Walker, Fell); ICES uOttawa (Petrcich, Hawken, Fell), Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Central (Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto (Crowcroft, Bolotin, Biringer, Dubey, Jamieson, Kwong); Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Jamieson, Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Gaudet); Queen’s University (Gaudet), Kingston, Ont.; UK Health Security Agency (Amirthalingam), London, UK; Mount Sinai Hospital (Biringer), Toronto, Ont.; Bruyère Research Institute (Wilson), Ottawa, Ont.; Toronto Public Health (Dubey), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Halperin); Dalhousie University (Halperin); Nova Scotia Health (Halperin); IWK Health (Halperin), Halifax, NS; Vaccine Evaluation Center (Sadarangani), BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics (Sadarangani), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook), Ottawa, Ont.
MDDeshayne B. Fell
Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fung, Fell); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Fakhraei, Wilson, Hawken, Walker); University of Ottawa (Fakhraei, Cook, Hawken, Walker, Fell); ICES uOttawa (Petrcich, Hawken, Fell), Ottawa, Ont.; ICES Central (Crowcroft, Kwong), University of Toronto (Crowcroft, Bolotin, Biringer, Dubey, Jamieson, Kwong); Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Jamieson, Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Gaudet); Queen’s University (Gaudet), Kingston, Ont.; UK Health Security Agency (Amirthalingam), London, UK; Mount Sinai Hospital (Biringer), Toronto, Ont.; Bruyère Research Institute (Wilson), Ottawa, Ont.; Toronto Public Health (Dubey), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Halperin); Dalhousie University (Halperin); Nova Scotia Health (Halperin); IWK Health (Halperin), Halifax, NS; Vaccine Evaluation Center (Sadarangani), BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics (Sadarangani), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (Cook), Ottawa, Ont.
PhD