Baseline |
Demographic |
Age, mean ± SD, yr | 70.3 ± 11.0 | 66.4 ± 10.9 | < 0.001 |
Age, median (IQR), yr | 71 (64–79) | 67 (59–74) | |
Female sex | 80 (29.7) | 28 574 (25.5) | 0.1 |
Body mass index, mean ± SD | 28.1 ± 5.7 | 28.8 ± 5.5 | |
Body mass index, median (IQR) | 27 (24–31) | 28 (25–32) | 0.02 |
Rural residence | 42 (15.6) | 17 181 (15.3) | 0.9 |
Hospital type | | | 0.8 |
Community | 76 (28.2) | 30 932 (27.6) | |
Teaching | 193 (71.7) | 81 065 (72.4) | |
Comorbidities |
Hypertension | 233 (86.6) | 94 413 (84.3) | 0.3 |
Atrial fibrillation | 54 (20.1) | 19 898 (17.8) | 0.3 |
Recent myocardial infarction | 81 (30.1) | 27 295 (24.4) | 0.03 |
CCS grading of angina pectoris (41) | | | < 0.001 |
0 | 85 (31.6) | 27 555 (24.6) | |
1 | 25 (9.3) | 10 812 (9.7) | |
2 | 33 (12.3) | 18 198 (16.2) | |
3 | 29 (10.8) | 16 158 (14.4) | |
4 | 12 (4.5) | 3865 (3.5) | |
Low-risk acute coronary syndrome | 28 (10.4) | 16 632 (14.9) | |
Intermediate-risk acute coronary syndrome | 35 (13.0) | 14 477 (12.9) | |
High-risk acute coronary syndrome | 22 (8.2) | 4300 (3.8) | |
Left main coronary artery or left main coronary artery equivalent disease | 105 (39.0) | 46 651 (41.7) | 0.3 |
Proximal left anterior descending coronary artery disease | 97 (36.1) | 43 483 (38.8) | 0.4 |
Previous percutaneous coronary intervention | 28 (10.4) | 12 393 (11.1) | 0.7 |
Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | | | < 0.001 |
≥ 50 | 135 (50.2) | 78 679 (70.3) | |
35–49 | 77 (28.6) | 22 667 (20.2) | |
20–34 | 47 (17.5) | 8989 (8.0) | |
< 20 | 10 (3.7) | 1662 (1.5) | |
NYHA functional classification (42) | | | < 0.001 |
1 | 147 (54.6) | 75 515 (67.4) | |
2 | 57 (21.2) | 17 821 (15.9) | |
3 | 51 (19.0) | 15 241 (13.6) | |
4 | 14 (5.2) | 3420 (3.1) | |
Heart failure | 145 (53.9) | 30 217 (27.0) | < 0.001 |
Moderate to severe mitral regurgitation | 38 (14.1) | 9830 (8.8) | 0.002 |
Moderate to severe aortic regurgitation | 15 (5.6) | 3567 (3.2) | 0.03 |
Severe aortic stenosis | 109 (40.5) | 26 192 (23.4) | < 0.001 |
Endocarditis | | | 0.02 |
None | 260 (96.7) | 110 207 (98.4) | |
Acute | 4–8† | 1260–1264† | |
Subacute | 1–5† | 526–530† | |
Cerebrovascular disease | 41 (15.2) | 11 407 (10.2) | 0.006 |
Peripheral arterial disease | 61 (22.7) | 15 895 (14.2) | < 0.001 |
Smoking status | | | 0.3 |
Never | 121 (45.0) | 52 427 (46.8) | |
Current | 60 (22.3) | 21 085 (18.8) | |
Former | 88 (32.7) | 38 485 (34.4) | |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 100 (37.2) | 26 035 (23.2) | |
Diabetes | 135 (50.2) | 47 032 (42.0) | 0.007 |
Dyslipidemia | 168 (62.5) | 74 354 (66.4) | 0.2 |
Glomerular filtration rate, mean ± SD, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 69.4 ± 33.9 | 85.1 ± 34.8 | < 0.001 |
Glomerular filtration rate, median (IQR), mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 64 (47–88) | 81 (61–105) | < 0.001 |
Dialysis | 34 (12.6) | 3093 (2.8) | < 0.001 |
Anemia | 37 (13.8) | 9304 (8.3) | 0.001 |
Liver disease | 9 (3.3) | 1551 (1.4) | 0.006 |
Alcohol abuse | 7 (2.6) | 1500 (1.3) | 0.07 |
Dementia | 6 (2.2) | 1475 (1.3) | 0.2 |
Depression | 7 (2.6) | 1425 (1.3) | 0.05 |
Psychosis | 1–5† | 212–216† | < 0.001 |
Primary cancer | 17 (6.3) | 5611 (5.0) | 0.3 |
Metastatic cancer | 0 (0.0) | 578 (0.5) | 0.2 |
Operative |
Surgery type | | | < 0.001 |
Isolated CABG | 118 (43.9) | 72 248 (64.5) | |
Valvular | 81 (30.1) | 24 380 (21.8) | |
CABG + valvular | 63 (23.4) | 11 983 (10.7) | |
Thoracic aorta | 7 (2.6) | 3386 (3.0) | |
Redo sternotomy | 19 (7.1) | 3315 (3.0) | < 0.001 |
Cardiogenic shock | 1–5† | 218–222† | 0.04 |
Operative priority | | | < 0.001 |
Unknown | 67 (24.9) | 13 004 (11.6) | |
Emergent | 18 (6.7) | 3460 (3.1) | |
Urgent | 90 (33.5) | 31 244 (27.9) | |
Semiurgent | 41 (15.2) | 25 799 (23.0) | |
Elective | 53 (19.7) | 38 490 (34.4) | |
Recommend maximum wait time, mean ± SD, d | 23.3 ± 27.8 | 34.9 ± 31.3 | < 0.001 |
Recommend maximum wait time, median (IQR), d | 14 (3–35) | 22 (13–56) | |
Adherence to recommended wait time | 124 (46.1) | 74 809 (66.8) | < 0.001 |