Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1:
Mean number of billings and payments received for office visits per month before and after implementing electronic medical records (EMRs) among 64 family physicians who did not change their primary care payment model in the 18 months before or after the EMR start date. FFS = fee for service.
- Figure 2:
Mean number of billings and payments received for office visits per month before and after switching from fee-for-service to capitation payment model among 42 family physicians not using electronic medical records. FFS = fee for service.
Tables
- Table 1: Characteristics of 183 family physicians (FPs) enrolled in EMRALD* and all other general practitioners/family physicians (GP/FPs) in Ontario in 2010/11
Group; no. (%) of physicians or mean ± SD Characteristic EMRALD FPs
n = 183All other GP/FPs
n = 11 385p values Sex Male 85 (46.4) 6833 (60.0) 0.008 Female 98 (53.6) 4552 (40.0) 0.007 Age group, yr < 35 35 (19.1) 1094 (9.6) 0.08 35−44 63 (34.4) 2617 (23.0) 0.04 45−54 38 (20.8) 3312 (29.1) 0.4 ≥ 55 47 (25.7) 4362 (38.3) 0.1 Age, yr, mean ± SD 44.9 ± 10.8 50.6 ± 11.8 < 0.001 Location of medical training Canada 157 (86.6) 8731 (76.7) 0.005 Elsewhere 16 (8.3) 2647 (23.2) 0.2 Missing data 10 (5.1) 7 (0.1) – No. of years in practice, mean ± SD 14.0 ± 9.7 17.0 ± 9.3 < 0.001 Rurality Rural 35 (19.1) 850 (7.5) 0.02 Suburban 40 (21.9) 1871 (16.4) 0.4 Urban 108 (59.0) 8664 (76.1) < 0.001 % billing more than 25% of patient visits in an emergency department 15.3 13.7 0.4 Full-time affiliation with a patient enrolment model group on Mar. 31, 2011 173 (94.5) 6866 (60.3) < 0.001 Note: EMRALD = Electronic Medical Record Administrative Data Linked Database, SD = standard deviation. *Family physicians who started using EMR software and were contributing data to this database at the time of the study.
- Table 2: Characteristics of patients of 183 family physicians (FPs) enrolled in EMRALD* and rostered patients of all other general practitioners/family physicians (GP/FPs) in Ontario in 2010/11
Characteristic Patients of EMRALD FPs, %
n = 286 177Patients of all other GP/FPs, %
n = 9 728 198Sex Male 45.4 47.4 Female 54.6 52.6 Age group, yr ≤ 4 6.3 4.0 5−17 13.4 14.6 18−29 14.9 15.1 30−44 21.6 20.5 45−64 28.3 30.2 65−74 7.7 8.3 75−84 5.3 5.3 ≥ 85 2.5 2.0 Income quintile 1 (lowest) 16.8 17.7 2 17.7 19.3 3 18.9 20.3 4 21.0 21.7 5 (highest) 23.9 20.7 Unknown/missing data 1.8 0.3 Rurality Rural 14.9 5.5 Suburban 20.0 17.6 Urban 65.0 76.9 No. of adjusted clinical groups (comorbidity) 0 (no comorbidity) 7.6 6.2 1−5 48.0 45.7 6−9 35.9 39.4 ≥ 10 (high comorbidity) 8.5 8.6 Chronic condition Previous acute MI 1.3 1.3 Asthma 14.0 14.7 Congestive heart failure 2.1 1.8 COPD 6.3 6.3 Diabetes 8.3 9.7 Hypertension 20.7 22.9 Mental health issue 21.4 20.8 ≥ 1 chronic condition† 46.5 50.4 Note: COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, EMRALD = Electronic Medical Record Administrative Data Linked Database, MI = myocardial infarction. *Family physicians who started using EMR software and were contributing data to this database at the time of the study. †One or more of asthma, congestive heart failure, COPD, diabetes, hypertension or mental health issue.
- Table 3: Mean total annual payments from all government sources before and after implementation of EMRs for family physicians (FPs) enrolled in EMRALD* and for all other general practitioners/family physicians (GP/FPs) in Ontario during the same period
EMRALD FPs All other GP/FPs EMR start No. who started using EMRs Mean annual payment in
pre-EMR yr†Mean annual payment in post-EMR yr‡ % change No. of physicians Mean annual payment in same yr as pre-EMR yr† No. of physicians Mean annual payment in same yr as post-EMR yr‡ % change 2005 18 191 342 351 251 83.6 9 865 183 570 10 046 243 427 32.6 2006 38 200 836 256 882 27.9 10 129 214 025 10 149 248 381 16.1 2007 8 196 967 210 036 6.6 10 046 243 427 10 352 273 962 12.5 2008 12 257 110 347 938 35.3 10 149 248 381 10 666 285 366 14.9 2009 26 271 144 275 190 1.5 10 352 273 962 10 872 279 978 2.2 Total weighted mean 223 399 285 240 27.7 233 100 266 679 14.4 Note: EMR = electronic medical record, EMRALD = Electronic Medical Record Administrative Data Linked Database. *Family physicians who started using EMR software and were contributing data to this database. †The pre-EMR year is the full fiscal year before, but not including, the EMR start date. ‡The post-EMR year is the first full fiscal year after the year containing the EMR start date.
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