Background Overdose from illicit drugs is a leading cause of premature mortality in North
America. Internationally, more than 65 supervised injecting facilities (SIFs), where drug users …

Background People who inject drugs (PWID) experience a high prevalence of incarceration
and might be at high risk of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection during or after …

Background and aims The province of British Columbia (BC) Canada has experienced a
rapid increase in illicit drug overdoses and deaths during the last 4 years, with a provincial …

Objectives To examine the relationship between non-fatal overdose and risk of subsequent
fatal overdose. Methods We assessed risk factors for overdose death among two prospective …

(See the editorial commentary by Flanigan and Beckwith, on pages 1201–3 .) Background.
Although some studies have identified impressive clinical gains for incarcerated HIV-…

Aims Despite proven benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART), many human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV)‐infected injection drug users (IDU) do not access treatment even in settings with …

… MJ Milloy is supported by a doctoral research award from the Canadian Institutes of Health
Research. Funding sources had no involvement in study design; collection, analysis and …

Individuals who are homeless or living in marginal conditions have an elevated burden of
infection with HIV. Existing research suggests the HIV/AIDS pandemic in resource-rich settings …

Homelessness is prevalent among HIV-infected injection drug users (IDU) and may adversely
affect access and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). There are limited descriptions …

The burden of HIV/AIDS and other transmissible diseases is higher in prison and jail settings
than in the non-incarcerated communities that surround them. In this comprehensive review…