Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts,
confer a health benefit on the host. There is now mounting evidence that selected probiotic …

▪ Abstract Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is an acute onset illness characterized by fever, rash
formation, and hypotension that can lead to multiple organ failure and lethal shock, as well …

Genome sequences are available for many bacterial strains, but there has been little
progress in using these data to understand the molecular basis of pathogen emergence and …

We have previously demonstrated that the presence of oxygen is necessary for the
production of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) by Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. To …

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a hyperinflammatory syndrome
associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, shares clinical features with toxic shock syndrome, …

Background The lack of a reliable scoring system that predicts the development of septic shock
and death precludes comparison of disease and/or treatment outcomes in animal models …

The production of the staphylococcal exotoxin toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) by
Staphylococcus aureus has been associated with essentially all cases of menstruation-…

Superantigens (SAgs) are a family of potent immunostimulatory exotoxins known to be
produced by only a few bacterial pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus. More than 20 …

We describe the complete sequence of the 15.9-kb staphylococcal pathogenicity island 3
encoding staphylococcal enterotoxin serotypes B, K, and Q. The island, which meets the …

Staphylococcal superantigens are pyrogenic exotoxins that cause massive T cell activation
leading to toxic shock syndrome and death. Despite the strong adaptive immune response …