The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline
for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) serves to update the …

Introduction Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex disorder for which currently there is no
accepted definition. Having a uniform standard for diagnosing and classifying AKI would …

Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide public health problem with an increasing incidence
and prevalence, poor outcomes, and high cost. Outcomes of chronic kidney disease include …

… D., The Netherlands; Martin Kuhlmann, MD, United States; Norbert Lameire, MD, Belgium;
Andrew Levey, MD, United States; Adeera Levin, MD, FRCPC, Canada; Nathan Levin, MD, …

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease as a public health problem. Chronic kidney disease is
a worldwide public health problem. In the United States, there is a rising incidence and …

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few
effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–…

Background Lowering LDL cholesterol with statin regimens reduces the risk of myocardial
infarction, ischaemic stroke, and the need for coronary revascularisation in people without …

Chinese translation Description: The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)
organization developed clinical practice guidelines in 2012 to provide guidance on the …

Disturbances in mineral and bone metabolism are common in patients with CKD. A large
body of evidence indicates that these derangements are associated with increased mortality …

Cardiovascular disease occurs in patients with progressive renal disease both before and
after the initiation of dialysis. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent predictor of …