Baseline characteristics for subgroups of patients with community-acquired pneumonia admitted to general internal medicine (Apr. 1, 2010, to Oct. 31, 2017), identified by cluster analysis according to coexisting conditions
| Characteristic | No. (%) of patients* | p value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall n = 11 085 | Low comorbidity n = 3052 | DM-HF-Pulm n = 1710 | Pulmonary n = 1621 | Diabetes n = 1281 | Heart failure n = 1370 | Dementia n = 1038 | Cancer n = 1013 | ||
| Age, yr, median, IQR | 79 (65–87) | 75 (55–86) | 80 (71–87) | 77 (64–85) | 75 (66–83) | 83 (69–90) | 86 (81–91) | 72 (62–82) | < 0.001 |
| Sex, male | 5832 (52.6) | 1533 (50.2) | 940 (55.0) | 838 (51.7) | 741 (57.8) | 689 (50.3) | 476 (45.9) | 615 (60.7) | < 0.001 |
| From long-term care | 1224 (11.0) | 213 (7.0) | 237 (13.9) | 113 (7.0) | 102 (8.0) | 139 (10.1) | 390 (37.6) | 30 (3.0) | < 0.001 |
| Arrived to hospital via ambulance | 6849 (61.8) | 1672 (54.8) | 1146 (67.0) | 1002 (61.8) | 765 (59.7) | 867 (63.3) | 929 (89.5) | 468 (46.2) | < 0.001 |
| LAPS, mean ± SD | 23.4 ± 16.9 | 20.7 ± 15.3 | 27.1 ± 18.8 | 22.1 ± 17.0 | 25.8 ± 16.6 | 25.3 ± 17.7 | 24.5 ± 16.4 | 21.2 ± 15.8 | < 0.001 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score, mean ± SD | 1.7 ± 1.7 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 3.4 ± 1.4 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 1.8 ± 1.1 | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 3.8 ± 2.0 | < 0.001 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score category, % | < 0.001 | ||||||||
| 0 | 3052 (27.5) | 3052 (100.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 1 | 3209 (28.9) | 0 | 0 | 1347 (83.1) | 583 (45.5) | 729 (53.2) | 550 (53.0) | 0 | |
| 2 | 2191 (19.8) | 0 | 510 (29.8) | 152 (9.4) | 489 (38.2) | 390 (28.5) | 273 (26.3) | 377 (37.2) | |
| 3 | 1266 (11.4) | 0 | 530 (31.0) | 92 (5.7) | 110 (8.6) | 172 (12.6) | 148 (14.3) | 214 (21.1) | |
| ≥ 4 | 1367 (12.3) | 0 | 670 (39.2) | 30 (1.9) | 99 (7.7) | 79 (5.8) | 67 (6.5) | 422 (41.7) | |
Note: DM-HF-Pulm = patients with diabetes, congestive heart failure and chronic lung disease; IQR = interquartile range; LAPS = Laboratory-based Acute Physiology Score, SD = standard deviation.
↵* Unless indicated otherwise.
† 2-tailed p value for differences between subgroups, determined by χ2 test for categorical variables and Kruskal–Wallis tests for continuous variables.