Association of patient subgroup based on coexisting conditions with clinical outcomes after multivariable adjustment*
| Subgroup | OR (95% CI) | Coefficient (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| In-hospital death | ICU admission | 30-day readmission | Median length of stay | |
| Low comorbidity | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| DM-HF-Pulm | 1.35 (1.12–1.61) | 2.19 (1.79–2.67) | 1.57 (1.14–2.16) | 1.67 (1.34–2.01) |
| Pulmonary | 0.85 (0.63–1.14) | 1.42 (1.16–1.74) | 1.19 (0.81–1.76) | 0.41 (0.02–0.80) |
| Diabetes | 0.67 (0.50–0.89) | 1.12 (0.99–1.28) | 1.02 (0.71–1.47) | 0.25 (0–0.49) |
| Heart failure | 1.66 (1.35–2.03) | 1.82 (1.45–2.30) | 1.32 (1.02–1.71) | 1.30 (0.80–1.79) |
| Dementia | 1.57 (1.05–2.35) | 0.87 (0.68–1.12) | 1.28 (0.96–1.70) | 1.23 (0.74–1.72) |
| Cancer | 3.12 (2.44–3.99) | 1.20 (0.76–1.88) | 1.41 (1.16–1.70) | 1.18 (0.82–1.54) |
Note: Coeff = coefficient in quantile regression; CI = confidence interval; DM-HF-Pulm = patients with diabetes, congestive heart failure and chronic lung disease; ICU = intensive care unit; OR = odds ratio; Ref. = reference category.
↵* Results for in-hospital death, ICU admission and 30-day readmission are from binary logistic regression analysis. Results for length of stay are from quantile regression. Each subgroup was defined as a binary variable and compared with the low comorbidity subgroup as a reference. We adjusted models for patient age, sex, hospital, arrival to hospital from a long-term care facility, arrival to hospital by ambulance and Laboratory-based Acute Physiology Score (LAPS). Age and LAPS were modelled using nonlinear splines.