Table 3:

Postoperative complications, stratified by CFS score^*

Variable	No. (%) of patients			p value
Variable	Overall n = 529	CFS ≥ 5 n = 51	CFS ≤ 4 n = 478	p value
Postoperative complications
Atrial fibrillation	133 (25.1)	15 (29.4)	118 (24.7)	0.5
Bleeding	31 (6.0)	8 (15.7)	23 (4.8)	0.002
Atrioventricular block	11 (2.1)	0	11 (2.3)	–
Delirium	41 (7.8)	7 (13.7)	34 (7.1)	0.09
Acute kidney injury^†	29 (5.5)	7 (13.7)	22 (4.6)	0.007
Acute myocardial infarction	1 (0.2)	0	1 (0.2)	–
Postoperative interventions
Transfusion	121 (22.9)	27 (52.9)	94 (19.7)	< 0.001
Left ventricular assist device	1 (0.2)	1 (2.0)	0	–
Cardiac catheterization	3 (0.6)	2 (3.9)	1 (0.2)	0.03
Pulmonary arterial catheter	1 (0.2)	1 (2.0)	0	–
Cardiac tamponade	4 (0.8)	1 (2.0)	3 (0.6)	0.3
Epicardial pacing	117 (22)	9 (17.6)	108 (22.6)	0.5
Pacer wire insertion	114 (22.1)	12 (23.5)	102 (21.3)	0.7
Intra-aortic balloon pump	3 (0.6)	1 (2.0)	2 (0.4)	0.2
Defibrillation	16 (3.0)	2 (3.9)	14 (2.9)	0.7
Cardioversion	27 (5.1)	5 (9.8)	22 (5)	0.2
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation	2 (0.4)	1 (2.0)	1 (0.2)	0.2
Re-exploration in operating room	20 (3.8)	5 (9.8)	15 (3.1)	0.02
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation	0	0	0	–
Re-intubation	28 (5.3)	6 (11.8)	22 (4.6)	0.03
Tracheostomy	7 (1.3)	1 (2.0)	6 (1.3)	0.5
Total parenteral nutrition	6 (1.1)	2 (3.9)	4 (0.8)	0.1
Tube feeds	36 (6.8)	10 (19.6)	26 (5.4)	< 0.001
Endoscopy	3 (0.6)	2 (3.9)	1 (0.2)	0.03
Gastrointestinal surgery	0	0	0	–
Renal replacement therapy	9 (1.7)	6 (11.8)	3 (0.6)	< 0.001

Note: CFS = Clinical Frailty Scale.
↵* All comparisons χ² tests of independence.
↵† Acute kidney injury: threefold increase in serum creatinine, serum creatinine exceeding 353.6 μmol/L with minimum rise of 44.2 μmol/L, or new initiation of renal replacement therapy.