Odds of having 1, 2, or 3 or more emergency department visits during pregnancy or up to 42 days postpartum, by maternal characteristics among all recognized pregnancies
| Characteristic | No. of peripregnancy emergency department visits | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | ≥3 | ||||
| No. (%) of women | OR* (95% CI) | No. (%) of women | OR* (95% CI) | No. (%) of women | OR* (95% CI) | |
| Age, yr | ||||||
| 25–34 | 317 124 (20.1) | 1.00 (referent) | 155 174 (9.8) | 1.00 (referent) | 122 383 (7.8) | 1.00 (referent) |
| ≥ 35 | 106 652 (20.7) | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 51 977 (10.1) | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 33 293 (6.4) | 0.83 (0.81–0.84) |
| < 25 | 130 923 (20.7) | 1.18 (1.17–1.19) | 72 826 (11.5) | 1.34 (1.33–1.36) | 85 639 (13.5) | 2.00 (1.98–2.03) |
| Parity | ||||||
| Parous | 213 201 (18.1) | 1.00 (referent) | 93 113 (7.9) | 1.00 (referent) | 87 127 (7.4) | 1.00 (referent) |
| Nulliparous | 182 167 (19.4) | 1.13 (1.12–1.14) | 83 689 (8.9) | 1.19 (1.18–1.20) | 80 504 (8.6) | 1.22 (1.21–1.23) |
| Residential income quintile | ||||||
| 5 (highest) | 83 998 (19.7) | 1.00 (referent) | 38 890 (9.1) | 1.00 (referent) | 29 651 (7.0) | 1.00 (referent) |
| 4 | 107 929 (20.3) | 1.06 (1.05–1.07) | 52 174 (9.8) | 1.11 (1.09–1.12) | 40 708 (7.6) | 1.13 (1.12–1.15) |
| 3 | 111 847 (20.5) | 1.10 (1.09–1.11) | 55 616 (10.2) | 1.18 (1.16–1.20) | 45 605 (8.4) | 1.27 (1.25–1.29) |
| 2 | 114 556 (20.4) | 1.11 (1.10–1.12) | 59 007 (10.5) | 1.24 (1.22–1.26) | 52 365 (9.3) | 1.44 (1.42–1.46) |
| 1 (lowest) | 134 037 (20.6) | 1.17 (1.16–1.18) | 73 029 (11.2) | 1.38 (1.36–1.40) | 71 276 (10.9) | 1.77 (1.74–1.79) |
| Location of residence | ||||||
| Urban | 492 363 (20.0) | 1.00 (referent) | 243 572 (9.9) | 1.00 (referent) | 192 266 (7.8) | 1.00 (referent) |
| Rural | 62 075 (23.8) | 1.70 (1.69–1.72) | 36 279 (13.9) | 2.01 (1.99–2.04) | 48 936 (18.7) | 3.44 (3.39–3.49) |
| Immigrant status | ||||||
| Canadian-born/ long-term resident | 420 188 (21.2) | 1.00 (referent) | 214 463 (10.8) | 1.00 (referent) | 199 356 (10.0) | 1.00 (referent) |
| Foreign-born | 134 511 (18.1) | 0.74 (0.73–0.74) | 65 514 (8.8) | 0.70 (0.69–0.71) | 41 959 (5.6) | 0.48 (0.48–0.49) |
| Antenatal care provider | ||||||
| Obstetrician | 303 147 (19.3) | 1.00 (referent) | 139 075 (8.8) | 1.00 (referent) | 129 855 (8.3) | 1.00 (referent) |
| Family physician/nurse practitioner | 89 278 (22.1) | 1.32 (1.31–1.33) | 47 797 (11.8) | 1.54 (1.52–1.56) | 43 827 (10.8) | 1.51 (1.49–1.53) |
| Other | 116 (28.0) | 2.49 (1.96–3.15) | 78 (18.8) | 3.64 (2.77–4.79) | 66 (15.9) | 3.30 (2.46–4.42) |
| None/unknown | 162 158 (21.6) | 1.25 (1.24–1.26) | 93 027 (12.4) | 1.56 (1.55–1.58) | 67 567 (9.0) | 1.22 (1.20–1.23) |
| No. of Johns Hopkins ADGs within 120 d before start of pregnancy | ||||||
| ≤ 2 | 408 827 (19.7) | 1.00 (referent) | 197 831 (9.5) | 1.00 (referent) | 146 951 (7.1) | 1.00 (referent) |
| 3–4 | 104 690 (22.2) | 1.33 (1.32–1.34) | 56 589 (12.0) | 1.49 (1.47–1.50) | 56 294 (11.9) | 1.99 (1.97–2.01) |
| 5–6 | 31 828 (22.8) | 1.61 (1.59–1.64) | 19 173 (13.7) | 2.01 (1.98–2.04) | 25 151 (18.0) | 3.55 (3.49–3.61) |
| 7–32 | 9354 (21.3) | 1.97 (1.92–2.03) | 6384 (14.5) | 2.78 (2.70–2.87) | 12 919 (29.4) | 7.59 (7.39–7.78) |
Note: ADG = Aggregated Diagnosis Group, CI = confidence interval, OR = odds ratio.
↵* Calculated with multinomial logistic regression analysis.