Table 2: Participant scores at baseline and after 3 months for the heiQ, by self-management domain

Domain (heiQ)	Group	At baseline		After 3 mo		Mean difference, baseline v. 3 mo (95% CI)		Cohen's d	p‡
Domain (heiQ)	Group	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD	Within group*	Between group†	Cohen's d	p‡
Health-directed behaviour	Intervention	162	2.61 ± 0.73	153	2.96 ± 0.63	0.32 (0.21 to 0.43)	0.20 (0.08 to 0.32)	0.27	0.001
Health-directed behaviour	Control	163	2.66 ± 0.78	156	2.78 ± 0.72	0.11 (0.03 to 0.21)	0.20 (0.08 to 0.32)	0.27	0.001
Positive and active engagement in life	Intervention	165	3.10 ± 0.54	156	3.24 ± 0.51	0.13 (0.06 to 0.20)	0.04 (-0.04 to 0.12)	0.12	0.319
Positive and active engagement in life	Control	165	3.10 ± 0.54	158	3.18 ± 0.50	0.10 (0.04 to 0.15)	0.04 (-0.04 to 0.12)	0.12	0.319
Emotional well-being	Intervention	160	2.68 ± 0.64	149	2.96 ± 0.60	0.27 (0.18 to 0.36)	0.13 (0.03 to 0.23)	0.19	0.012
Emotional well-being	Control	160	2.73 ± 0.63	153	2.85 ± 0.56	0.13 (0.06 to 0.19)	0.13 (0.03 to 0.23)	0.19	0.012
Self-monitoring and insight	Intervention	159	3.03 ± 0.41	149	3.23 ± 0.38	0.18 (0.11 to 0.25)	0.14 (0.06 to 0.22)	0.39	0.001
Self-monitoring and insight	Control	160	3.01 ± 0.41	154	3.07 ± 0.44	0.06 (0.01 to 0.11)	0.14 (0.06 to 0.22)	0.39	0.001
Constructive attitudes and approaches	Intervention	163	3.07 ± 0.48	153	3.22 ± 0.47	0.15 (0.08 to 0.22)	0.09 (0.01 to 0.18)	0.11	0.035
Constructive attitudes and approaches	Control	161	3.13 ± 0.46	155	3.17 ± 0.48	0.03 (-0.02 to 0.09)	0.09 (0.01 to 0.18)	0.11	0.035
Skill and technique acquisition	Intervention	163	2.83 ± 0.51	153	3.09 ± 0.45	0.25 (0.17 to 0.32)	0.14 (0.06 to 0.23)	0.31	0.001
Skill and technique acquisition	Control	161	2.86 ± 0.50	156	2.95 ± 0.45	0.10 (0.04 to 0.17)	0.14 (0.06 to 0.23)	0.31	0.001
Social integration and support	Intervention	164	2.98 ± 0.53	154	3.09 ± 0.54	0.10 (0.04 to 0.17)	0.07 (-0.01 to 0.16)	0.19	0.089
Social integration and support	Control	161	2.95 ± 0.54	156	2.99 ± 0.53	0.05 (-0.02 to 0.11)	0.07 (-0.01 to 0.16)	0.19	0.089
Health service navigation	Intervention	165	3.27 ± 0.41	154	3.38 ± 0.42	0.10 (0.03 to 0.18)	0.12 (0.03 to 0.20)	0.35	0.005
Health service navigation	Control	166	3.26 ± 0.42	160	3.23 ± 0.45	-0.003 (-0.06 to 0.06)	0.12 (0.03 to 0.20)	0.35	0.005

Note: ANCOVA = analysis of covariance, heiQ = Health Education Impact Questionnaire, SD = standard deviation.

*Mean difference = mean score at 3 mo - mean score at baseline.

†Mean difference = adjusted mean after 3 mo (intervention) - adjusted mean after 3 mo (control).

‡ANCOVA was used to compare scores after 3 mo, adjusted for baseline.