| Study | Sequence generation | Allocation concealment | Blinding of personnel/ participants | Blinding of outcome assessors | Incomplete reporting | Selective reporting | Other bias | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Objective* | Subjective† | Self-reported‡ | Objective* | Subjective† | Self-reported‡ | ||||||
| Bäcklund et al. (52) | U | U | H | U | L | L | L | ||||
| Bryant et al. (40) | L | U | H | U | H | H | H | ||||
| Chanoine et al. (31) | U | L | U | L | U | U | H | H | H | L | H |
| Coppins et al. (43) | U | U | H | U | L | L | L | ||||
| Croker et al. (42) | L | U | H | L | H | H | H | L | L | ||
| DeBar et al. (41) | L | U | H | L | L | H | L | L | L | L | L |
| Doyle et al. (37) | L | L | H | L | L | L | L | ||||
| Ebbeling et al. (57) | U | U | H | L | H | L | L | L | L | ||
| Epstein et al. (38) | L | U | H | U | L | L | L | ||||
| Golley et al. (33) | L | L | H | L | L | L | L | ||||
| Janicke et al. (54) | U | U | H | U | L | L | H | ||||
| Lisón et al. (56) | H | H | H | U | L | L | H | ||||
| Lochrie et al. (60) | U | U | H | U | H | L | H | ||||
| Maahs et al. (39) | U | U | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | H |
| Maddison et al. (46) | L | L | H | U | U | L | L | L | L | ||
| McCallum et al. (34) | L | U | H | U | L | L | L | ||||
| Nemet et al. (36) | L | U | H | U | L | L | L | ||||
| O’Connor et al. (61) | L | U | H | U | L | L | H | ||||
| Racine et al. (49) | U | U | H | L | U | U | L | L | U | L | H |
| Reinehr et al. (48) | L | U | H | H | L | L | H | ||||
| Sacher et al. (53) | L | U | H | L | H | H | H | L | L | ||
| Saelens et al. (35) | L | L | H | U | L | L | H | ||||
| Savoye et al. (32) | L | L | H | L | U | H | H | L | L | ||
| Taveras et al. (45) | L | U | H | U | L | L | L | ||||
| Toulabi et al. (58) | U | U | H | U | U | L | L | ||||
| Vos et al. (55) | L | U | H | L | U | H | L | L | L | L | H |
| Wafa et al. (44) | L | L | H | L | H | H | H | L | L | ||
| Wake et al. (50) | L | L | H | L | H | L | L | L | U | ||
| Wake et al. (59) | L | U | H | L | H | L | L | L | H | ||
| Waling et al. (47) | U | U | L | U | H | L | L | ||||
| Weigel et al. (51) | H | H | H | U | L | L | L | ||||
Note: H = high risk, L = low risk, U = unclear risk. *Total cholesterol, triglyceride levels, high- and low-density lipoprotein levels, fasting glucose. †Weight, blood pressure, quality of life, physical fitness, adverse effects. ‡Quality of life, adverse effects.