| British Columbia | Ontario | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | |||||||||
| Characteristic | ALD n = 2 816 | ETD n = 7 514 | RSD n = 1 072 | ALD n = 12 262 | ETD n = 34 350 | RSD n = 5 251 | ALD n = 11 173 | ETD n = 26 608 | RSD n = 9 223 | ALD n = 48 010 | ETD n = 122 852 | RSD n = 40 624 |
| Age, yr, mean ± SD | 77.6 ± 6.9 | 77.1 ± 6.7 | 77.2 ± 6.8 | 76.5 ± 7.0 | 76.9 ± 7.0 | 76.3 ± 6.9 | 76.9 ± 6.9 | 75.6 ± 6.5 | 77.1 ± 7.0 | 75.7 ± 7.3 | 75.1 ± 6.8 | 76.4 ± 7.6 |
| Health services use in the year before index | ||||||||||||
| Admission to hospital, % | 42.2 | 34.4 | 31.7 | 31.0 | 26.8 | 26.2 | 25.4 | 19.0 | 24.4 | 18.1 | 13.1 | 18.3 |
| Resident of long-term care facility, % | 4.9 | 4.3 | 1.8 | 3.5 | 4.3 | 1.7 | 6.6 | 3.9 | 7.6 | 6.0 | 4.0 | 7.8 |
| 1-year fracture history, % | ||||||||||||
| Hip | 5.5 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 4.6 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 5.5 | 1.9 | 5.0 | 4.1 | 1.7 | 4.2 |
| Humerus/radius/ulna | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 2.7 | 1.5 | 2.8 | 4.0 | 2.9 | 4.4 |
| Vertebra | 5.1 | 3.4 | 4.9 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 2.0 | 3.1 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 1.8 |
| Other osteoporosis-related fracture | 6.8 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 5.6 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 9.2 | 4.3 | 8.7 | 7.3 | 3.5 | 7.4 |
| > 1- to 5-year fracture history, % | ||||||||||||
| Hip | 2.3 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 2.2 |
| Humerus/radius/ulna | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 5.2 | 4.2 | 5.1 |
| Vertebra | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.8 |
| Other OP-related fracture | 4.3 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 5.0 | 3.7 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 3.6 | 5.0 |
| No. of previous fractures, % | ||||||||||||
| 0 | 81.9 | 88.3 | 85.5 | 82.8 | 86.3 | 86.3 | 80.7 | 88.3 | 80.7 | 81.0 | 87.0 | 80.2 |
| 1 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 9.6 | 7.1 | 10.1 | 10.7 | 8.5 | 11.4 |
| ≥ 2 | 13.1 | 7.3 | 9.3 | 13.5 | 9.8 | 10.5 | 9.7 | 4.6 | 9.2 | 8.3 | 4.5 | 8.4 |
| DXA test, % | 44.1 | 34.1 | 53.4 | 55.5 | 46.1 | 62.3 | 55.8 | 61.7 | 59.6 | 57.6 | 69.7 | 61.7 |
| Osteoporosis diagnosis, % | 25.6 | 19.6 | 29.3 | 33.1 | 25.1 | 37.3 | 36.2 | 35.4 | 38.5 | 37.3 | 38.9 | 39.7 |
| Comorbidities, % | ||||||||||||
| Alzheimer/other dementia | 7.8 | 4.2 | 3.6 | 5.5 | 3.9 | 2.9 | 11.1 | 6.5 | 11.8 | 8.4 | 5.6 | 9.9 |
| Asthma/COPD/ emphysema | 11.7 | 12.2 | 8.7 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 4.6 | 13.7 | 14.9 | 13.5 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 6.5 |
| Depression | 3.6 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 2.9 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 18.3 | 17.3 | 18.2 | 19.9 | 19.4 | 20.3 |
| Diabetes | 13.1 | 12.8 | 10.3 | 7.4 | 8.2 | 7.0 | 12.5 | 12.7 | 13.6 | 8.9 | 9.5 | 9.0 |
| Falls/syncope/ neurologic/gait abnormalities/ hypotension | 10.0 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 9.4 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 9.3 | 3.1 | 8.7 | 7.5 | 2.6 | 7.6 |
| Hyperthyroidism | 0.4 | 0.3 | S† | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
| Inflammatory arthritis | 1.0 | 0.9 | S† | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 6.5 | 7.3 | 7.1 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 5.1 |
| Inflammatory bowel | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Liver disease | S† | S† | S† | 0.1 | 0.1 | S† | 0.2 | 0.1 | S† | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Parkinson disease | 4.3 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 4.1 | 2.8 | 4.3 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.6 |
| Stroke/TIA | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 6.7 | 5.5 | 6.3 | 4.3 | 3.7 | 4.5 |
| Drug use, % | ||||||||||||
| Angiotensin-II receptor blockers | 8.2 | 7.5 | 8.4 | 10.1 | 10.0 | 12.3 | 5.5 | 4.2 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 4.3 | 6.7 |
| Anticonvulsant agents | 3.4 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 3.4 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.1 |
| Antiandrogens (men only) | 7.0 | 3.9 | 6.3 | – | – | – | 6.2 | 3.4 | 5.9 | – | – | – |
| Aromatase inhibitors (women only) | – | – | – | S† | S† | S† | – | – | – | 1.0 | 0.5 | 1.1 |
| Benzodiazepines | 26.4 | 23.7 | 21.3 | 28.6 | 29.0 | 26.6 | 19.5 | 19.8 | 20.4 | 23.6 | 24.6 | 24.9 |
| Beta-blockers | 21.1 | 20.1 | 19.9 | 18.5 | 19.0 | 18.5 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 9.0 | 8.8 | 9.8 | 8.7 |
| Corticosteroids (orally) | ||||||||||||
| None | 75.9 | 71.9 | 77.8 | 89.0 | 87.2 | 89.7 | 84.5 | 83 | 84.7 | 92.7 | 92.7 | 92.1 |
| 0 mg < total prednisone < 675 mg | 12.7 | 16.4 | 12.2 | 7.2 | 8.2 | 6.5 | 4.3 | 5.1 | 4.3 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.2 |
| Prednisone equivalent ≥ 675 mg | 11.4 | 11.8 | 10.0 | 3.8 | 4.6 | 3.8 | 11.2 | 11.9 | 11.0 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.8 |
| Gastroprotective | 29.6 | 29.5 | 27.3 | 23.5 | 26.6 | 23.4 | 33.1 | 33.4 | 34.3 | 28 | 29.2 | 31.4 |
| Glitazones | 1.5 | 0.9 | S† | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.9 |
| Other antidiabetic medications | 10.7 | 11.8 | 9.9 | 6.8 | 9.3 | 5.8 | 12 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 8.6 | 9.8 | 9.0 |
| Hormone therapy (women only) | – | – | – | 12.0 | 11.3 | 10.2 | – | – | – | 5.6 | 9.4 | 4.9 |
| Nitrates | 9.7 | 11.7 | 10.0 | 7.3 | 8.5 | 5.8 | 11.7 | 12.5 | 11.9 | 8.3 | 9.1 | 9.0 |
| Narcotics: opioid agonists | 0.1 | 9.8 | 11.7 | 8.9 | 8.1 | 0.8 | 34.6 | 33 | 34.6 | 26.8 | 26.2 | 28.6 |
| NSAIDs | S† | 29.2 | 23.5 | 23.1 | 25.6 | 20.2 | 30.2 | 38.3 | 29.5 | 26.5 | 33.1 | 26.1 |
| SERMs (women only) | – | – | – | S† | S† | S† | – | – | – | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
| SSRIs | 11.5 | 8.9 | 7.6 | 12.3 | 12.1 | 9.8 | 11.0 | 8.3 | 11.1 | 12.2 | 10.7 | 13 |
| Non-SSRI antidepressants/ antimanics/ antipsychotics | 11.6 | 11.4 | 10.4 | 12.5 | 13.6 | 11.3 | 11.6 | 9.7 | 12.5 | 12.0 | 11.7 | 13.6 |
| Statins | 28.4 | 25.0 | 29.9 | 21.5 | 21.6 | 23.4 | 38.7 | 33.3 | 40.4 | 30.6 | 28.3 | 31.1 |
| Thiazide diuretics | 16.9 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 21.1 | 20.2 | 20.6 | 20.4 | 17.5 | 20.9 | 27.4 | 26.7 | 27.9 |
| Thyroid therapy | 9.1 | 7.8 | 6.5 | 19.2 | 18.9 | 19.0 | 7.9 | 7.1 | 8.2 | 19.0 | 17.4 | 19.6 |
Note: ALD = alendronate, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, DXA = dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, ETD = etidronate, NSAID = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, OP = osteoporosis, RSD = risedronate, SERM = selective estrogen-receptor modulator, SD = standard deviation, SSRI = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, TIA = transient ischemic attack. *Age at start of treatment; unless otherwise indicated, other covariates were determined based on the year before the start of treatment. †Denotes data suppression for fewer than 10 patients.