Ouwehand et al.,24 2014 | ≥ 3 stools Bristol scale 7 | GDH and toxin A EIA; toxin B by cell culture | Pro-2 168 Pro-1 168 Pla 167 | LA, LPl, B (capsule; L pro-1 4.7, pro-2 17) | Duration of antibiotic treatment + 7 d | 4 wk (post antibiotic treatment) | A | Yes |
Allen et al.,10 2013 | ≥ 3 stools Bristol scale 5-7, or looser than normal by patient report, in 24 h | In-house tissue culture assay + EIA for toxins or ELFA for toxins or GDH and toxin A EIA | Pro 1493 Pla 1488 | LA, B (capsule; all 60) | 21 d | 8 wk total for AAD/ 12 wk for CDAD | A | No |
Selinger et al.,25 2013 | ≥ 3 stools Bristol scale 6-7 | ELFA for toxins or GDH and toxin A EIA | Pro 112 Pla 117 | LA, LPl, LPa, LD, B, ST (powder; all 450) | Duration of antibiotic treatment + 7 d | 4 wk (post pro/pla treatment) | B | Yes |
Gao et al.,20 2010 | ≥ 3 liquid stools in 24 h | Triage panel (not specified) and toxin B by cell culture | Pro-2 86 Pro-1:85 Pla 84 | LA, LC (capsule; pro-1 L 50, pro-2 L 100) | Duration of antibiotic treatment + 5 d | 21 d | A | Yes |
Sampalis et al.,26 2010 | ≥ 1 episodes unformed or liquid stool in 24 h | Toxin A and B (not specified) | Pro 216 Pla 221 | LA, LC (milk; L 50) | Duration of antibiotic treatment + 5 d | 21 d | C | Yes |
Safdar et al.,27 2008§ | Watery or liquid stools for ≥ 2 consecutive days | Toxin (not specified) | Pro 23 Pla 17 | LA (capsule; L 20) | Pro 22.8 (9.4) d, pla 24.5 (4.8) d | NR | B | No |
Beausoleil et al.,28 2007 | ≥ 3 liquid stools in 24 h | Cytotoxin assay (not specified) | Pro 44 Pla 45 | LA and LC (milk; L 50) | Duration of antibiotic treatment | 21 d | C | Yes |
Hickson et al.,29 2007 | ≥ 2 liquid stools daily in excess of normal for ≥ 2 d | Toxin (not specified) | Pro 69 Pla 66 | LC, LB, ST (yogourt; L 0.1, 0.01, O 0.1) | Duration of antibiotic treatment + 7 d | 28 d | A | No |
Plummer et al.,30 2004¶ | NA | Latex agglutination or EIA for toxins | Pro 69 Pla 69 | LA, B (capsule, total 20) | 20 d | NR | C | Yes |
Heimburger et al.,31 1994 | > 200 g stool in 24 h | Culture and titres | Pro 16 Pla 18 | LA, LB (granules, dosage not given) | ≥ 5 d | 5 d | C | No |